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5103 - WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, NOTE SIGNED BY WASHINGTON'S ADC DAVID HUMPHREYS, C. 1780, A note folded and sent to Colonel Jeremiah Wadsworth who was at the French encampment at Newport, RI in regard to the current account of Lt. Colonel Louis De Corney who served as the Commissary-General to the French cavalry troops. The French cavalry arrived at Newport with 600 horses and spent 8 months in Connecticut camped west of Lebanon Green. The amount of 22 pounds 4 shillings is marked paid and is signed by Humphreys who was ADC to Washington from June 23, 1780 to April 1st, 1783. The note would have been written at Washington's headquarters at the Dey Mansion in Passaic County, NJ. In July 1776, Humphreys enlisted in the Continental Army as a volunteer adjutant in the 2nd Connecticut Regiment, then stationed in New York. The regiment consisted of several companies of Derby men. He later saw action in the battle following the burning of Danbury, Connecticut and in a later raid on Sag Harbor, New York. In that raid, the Americans captured 90 prisoners, destroyed 12 enemy brigs and sloops, an armed vessel and en enormous quantity of stores, and returned to Connecticut without the loss of a single soldier. Humphreys was detailed to report the success directly to General Washington in New Jersey. It was probably the first meeting between the two. In John Trumbull's "Washington Resigning His Commission," a painting in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda, Humphreys is shown standing immediately behind Washington, in the same uniform and almost as tall as the general. Humphreys was promoted to captain and major. He served on the staffs of General Parsons, Israel Putnam and Nathanael Greene. On June 23, 1780, Humphreys was appointed aide-de-camp of Washington's headquarters staff, and he became a confidential friend and adviser to the general. After the Battle of Yorktown, Washington entrusted the surrendered British colors, along with the general's report on the battle, to Humphreys and another aide for delivery to Congress. A painting of Humphreys arriving with them, titled "The Delivery of the Standards' to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia, November, 1781," now hangs at the headquarters of the New Haven Museum and Historical Society, which also has a ceremonial sword that Congress voted be presented to Humphreys. The sword was presented in 1786 by Gen. Henry Knox. Humphreys was also commissioned a lieutenant-colonel, with his commission backdated to his appointment as an aide to Washington. Signed on the front by Humphreys, some archival restoration, quite a scarce and desirable signature just before the Yorktown Campaign........................................................$295.00

5105 - THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST NEW YORK 1776, THE ALARM BY WASHINGTON, THE RETREAT BY WASHINGTON, August 11th, 1776, 3.5" X 8", manuscript payment by Jesse Root to Major Simon Strong for 500 pounds to pay his men at the rate of 20 shillings per day in an advance on the wages of his men who were going to New York in the alarm. Strong signs as Major of the 15th Connecticut regiment. The alarm was called by Washington to send troops to New York to defend against a British invasion to re-capture the city. Strong's 15th Regiment was one of the regiments caught in the panic and retreat from NY on September 15th, 1776. On July 3, 1776, British troops landed on Staten Island. Over a period of six weeks, British troop strength was increased so that it number over 32,000 by the end of August. Meanwhile, General Washington was preparing his men as well as he could under the circumstances. Washington was hampered by the British control of the sea, which allowed them to conceivably attack either Long Island or Manhattan. Washington decided to defend both vulnerable areas. On August 22, General Howe, the British commander, began transporting troops across the bay from Staten Island to Long Island. Washington decided to defend Brooklyn Heights by digging in around Brooklyn Village. Washington fortified the Heights of Guan, a range of hills 100 to 150 feet in height and covered by heavy brush and woods. The heights were broken by four passes. The furthest away was the Jamaica pass. Only five soldiers were detailed to defend the pass. On August 26th, Howe's troops quietly made their way to the Jamaica pass and seized the five American guards there. The British advanced behind American lines undetected until they reached the settlement of Bedford, where they opened fire. At that point, British troops rushed through the Bedford pass. Two hundred fifty American troops, under General Stirling, were surrounded on three sides. They fought bravely, but were soon overwhelmed. American troops were forced back into Brooklyn Heights. Cornwallis did not follow-up with an immediate attack on Brooklyn Heights. Washington's advisors recommended a withdrawal before British frigates could block the East River and any available means of escape. On the night of August 30th, Washington successfully withdrew his troops across the East River to Manhattan. Washington turned his attention to rebuilding his army. He was given instruction by the Continental Congress that allowed him to withdraw from New York. Washington began moving his supplies and wounded soldiers north from Manhattan. Meanwhile, Howe had decided not attack the heavily fortified Manhattan, but instead to outflank Washington and trap him. On September 13, Howe began to move his army across the East River to Kips Bay, there he hoped to cut Washington off. The landing was successful, and met only limited opposition. Washington's army, however, was able to successfully move north to Harlem Heights. The next day, a brief skirmish took place at Harlem Heights that became known as the Battle of Harlem. In this brief battle, several hundred British light infantry were badly mauled by Colonel Thomas Knowlton's Connecticut regiment. The Americans and the British began digging in. On October 12, Howe once again moved his army to the north to outflank Washington, this time at Throgs Neck. He landed there successfully, but his forces were bottled up on the Neck, which, depending on the tides, was sometimes an island. Washington decided to withdraw north to White Plains. The British slowly followed. It took Howe ten days to arrive in White Plains. There, on October 28th, the British troops captured Chattertons Hill, to the right of American lines. Washington soon withdrew to New Castle, and Howe did not follow. Well written in dark brown ink. This document was part of a exhibition at St. Bonaventure University in 2005-2006. [flyer included on the exhibit]. Very fine.................................................$395.00

5106 - SIGNED BY PETER COLT, FINAL PAYMENT FOR A CONTINENTAL SOLDIER, State of Connecticut, January 8th, 1790, pre-printed and filled in voucher for 7 pounds and Nine shillings. O cancelled as usual on these. 5" X 6", signed by Peter Colt reputed to be a direct relative of Samuel Colt. The document was made out to Charles Phelps who served in several regiments during the Revolutionary War. In 1775, the 10 Connecticut Regiment, in 1776 the 17th Connecticut noted as missing on the retreat from Long Island, and later in the 7th Connecticut Regiment until 1781. It was common for old debts for service to be paid way after the War. Very fine...................................................$75.00

32202 - FRANCIS MOORE HAS RECEIVED 69 POUNDS FOR HIS THREE YEARS OF SERVICE IN THE CONTINENTAL ARMY, May 10th, 1781, 3" X 7.5", manuscript receipt signed by Francis Moore of the town of Sutton [Massachusetts] for his service of three years in the Continental Army, dated at Sutton [Mass.]. Very fine...............................................SOLD

HESSIAN PRISONERS AFTER SARATOGA

32203 - PAY ABSTRACT OF CAPTAIN PETER WOODBURY'S COMPANY IN COLONEL JACOB GERRISH'S REGIMENT FOR SEPTEMBER 1778, MASSACHUSETTS TROOPS, GUARDING HESSIAN PRISONERS AFTER SARATOGA, 7" X 7" manuscript listing of the officers and non-commissioned officers and private soldiers in Captain Peter Woodbury's Company for September 1778. Included were one Captain, 2 Lieutenants, 4 Sergeants, 1 Drummer, 4 Corporals, and 45 privates whose pay amounted to 140 pounds 4 shillings. Signed by Captain Peter Woodbury, well written, some irregularity at bottom border but strong manuscript. Colonel Gerrich's Guards were guarding Hessian Prisoners at this time after the Battle of Saratoga. After the Battle of Saratoga, the British General Burgoyne by signing the Convention agreement 17 Oct. 1777, surrendered his army to General Gates of the American troops at Saratoga, NY. At this time, his army consisted of 2,139 British, 2,022 Germans, and 830 Canadians. One of the conditions of surrender stipulated that the troops had to leave their weapons on the field of surrender, and from there march to the Harbor of Boston, Massachusetts, to be put aboard ships and never return to fight again. At Cambridge, called the Winter Hill prison camp, Brunswick and Hessen Hanau Regiments were kept in Barracks for a whole year. The American Congress did not ratify the Convention agreement, and consequently, British ships to pick up the prisoners according to the original agreement, were refused entry into the harbor. Some of the prisoners went out to work by special permits. Some deserted or joined the American forces. The soldiers themselves were still under the command of their officers, and kept together within their regimental units. The date of this document attests to the fact that this document was written at the Winter Hill Prison Camp at Cambridge, Mass. By November 9th, 1778, the Hessian troops were moved south finally arriving in Virginia at Charlottesville, VA, in January 1779. A rare Revolutionary War POW document...........................................$395.00

121814 - A RARE WAR DATE ISSUE OF THE PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, APRIL 2ND, 1777, Philadelphia, 6 pages, 9" X 14". Listing of Pennsylvania Regiments and officers serving in the Continental Army, John Hancock approved blankets for the army by the Continental Congress, numerous listing of deserts from Pennsylvania regiments by regiment and company, the ship SULLY attacked by the British and chased British maneuvers in New York. This important war date paper was printed during the last months of American control of Philadelphia as General Howe captured the City in September 1777 but evacuated the city for New York in 1778. The paper is intact, all 6 pages, old paper spine added, some foxing, some old fissures and typical blemishes associated in a paper that was probably always loose and never in a bound volume. Printed by Hall and Sellers also printers of Colonial currency. War dated American Colonial papers are becoming impossible to find under $400, this quite respectable example for only.......................................................$295.00

80246 - ROBERT MORRIS, SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, A fine historical 1 page partly-printed DS, 12 1/4" X 9 3/4", dated March 10th, 1795. A numbered certificate for 5 Shares of Stock in the North American Land Company, sold to James Greenleaf, signed Rob[ert] Morris, President and James Marshal, Secretary. ROBERT MORRIS, JR. (1734 - 1806) was a successful merchant, a Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and the U.S. Constitution. Morris was chairman of the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety during the Revolutionary War and a delegate to the Second Continental Congress (1775 - 1778). From 1781 to 1784, he was Superintendent of Finance (helping to earn him the moniker of "Financier of the Revolution"  --indeed, Morris contributed at least 10,000 pounds of his personal wealth to support Washington's troops). He was Pennsylvania's first U.S. Senator (1789 - 1795), and for a while, a successful land peculator (buying some 6,000,000 acres of land.) Unfortunately, Morris over-extended himself, and when his land deals went bust, he ended up bankrupt in 1798 and in Debtor's Prison. Ironically, the man who helped to win America's independence was momentarily forgotten by his country. On March 2, 1793, Greenleaf was named U.S. consul to Amsterdam. That same year, on a visit back to the United States, he made his first investments in Washington, D.C., real estate. On Sept. 23, 1793, he purchased 3,000 lots from the federal commissioners. On Sept. 25, President George Washington wrote from Mount Vernon to a friend, "You will learn from Mr. Greenleaf that he has dipped deeply in the concerns of the Federal city -- I think he has done so on very advantageous terms for himself and I am pleased with it..." Washington went on to note that Greenleaf had paid $80 apiece for the lots. As part of that deal he had to agree to build a certain number of buildings and not sell any of the land before Jan. 1, 1796. That October Greenleaf formed a partnership with banker Robert Morris and Pennsylvania's former comptroller-general, John Nicholson, for the Washington lots. Morris is known as the financier of the American Revolution. By the time, he met Greenleaf in 1793, he was deeply engaged in extensive land speculation. When Washington, an old friend, suggested to Morris that a man of 60 should be more prudent, the banker replied, "I can never do things in the small; I must be either a man or a mouse." Eventually the partnership would own 7,234 Washington lots. Greenleaf also held 1,341 lots for his own use. Using the lots as security, Greenleaf and his partners hoped to float a large loan with the Dutch bankers. Greenleaf promised them he had all the right connections. With turmoil in Europe, Greenleaf and Morris' investments in Washington property failed. Morris, Nicholson and Greenleaf had debts estimated from $3 million to $12 million. (One can only imagine what the debt would be in contemporary dollars.) The law took its course and all three ended up in Philadelphia's debtor's prison, informally known as "the Prune Street lockup." Morris bitterly blamed Greenleaf for being unable to raise money from Dutch bankers to get them out of debt. But Morris was overextended long before they met. While Greenleaf didn't prevent the collapse he could hardly be blamed for bringing it about. A wonderful combination of the two famous investment partners...Very fine...................................................$1,200.00

7185 - AN EARLY ACCOUNT OF THE INDIANS WEST OF THE GREAT LAKES, THE BOSTON CHRONICLE, February 22, 1768. Inside under "Boston" is a "copy of a letter from Jonathan Carver at Michillmackinac, to his wife at Montague, Sept. 24, 1767." Carver begins his letter by stating that he spent the previous winter among the "...Naudoussee of the Plains, a roving nation of Indians near the river St. Piere, one of the western branches of the Mississippi, near 1400 miles west of Michillimackinac." A bit more about his experience with this nation of nomadic Indians, plus more general talk about his journey up the Mississippi which includes mention of Lake Pepin. He then discusses his travel mileage from the previous year, that took him" ...round the west, north, and east parts of Lake Superior, to Michillmakinac...", about 4,800 miles since he departed from Boston. Carver continues, mentioning that he had "...seen places where the Spaniards came and carried away silver and gold formerly, 'till the Indians drove them away, undoubtedly there is...plenty of gold in many places of the Mississippi..." The letter concludes with details about a certain superstition among the Naudoussees that was witnessed by Carver, plus there is some discussion about their spiritual beliefs as well. Elsewhere are two reports, one from Carlisle concerning:  "...made prisoners Frederick Stump and John Ironcutter who were suspected to have murdered ten of our friend Indians near Fort Augusta..." which is near present-day Sunbury, Pennsylvania (see). Eight pages, 8 ½ by 10 ¼ inches, some rubbing to the front page. This newspaper published only briefly from December 21, 1767 until 1770. The publishers, John Mein and John Fleeming, were both from Scotland. The Chronicle was a Loyalist paper in the time before the American Revolution. In its second year, Mein printed names in the paper that accused some colonial merchants of breaking a British non-importation agreement. In response, Mein's name appeared on a list of merchants who violated the trade agreement. Mein retaliated by accusing the Merchants' Committee of using the non-importation agreement for illegal profiteering. The irritated readership ransacked the offices of the Chronicle, and ultimately, it ceased operations in 1770....................................................$200.00

7186 - HIS MAJESTY HAS ALLOWED FOR THE FREE IMPORTATION OF AMERICAN INDIAN CORN, THE BOSTON CHRONICLE, February 29, 1768. Inside has several reports from Parliament which relate to America, and has near the end:  "Numbers of manufacturers are daily shipping themselves off for the happy regions of America." Also mention that:  "His Majesty signed the act for the free importation of Indian corn or maize, from any of his Majesty's Colonies in America, for a time therein limited." (see) Near the back is a report from New York concerning the apprehension of counterfeiters, with various details. Another report notes a man was:  "...found guilty of the heinous sin of blasphemy! For which crime he was sentenced to stand one hour in the pillory & receive ten stripes on his naked body..." Eight pages, 8 ½ by 10 ¼ inches, nice condition. This newspaper published only briefly from December 21, 1767 until 1770. The publishers, John Mein and John Fleeming, were both from Scotland. The Chronicle was a Loyalist paper in the time before the American Revolution. In its second year, Mein printed names in the paper that accused some colonial merchants of breaking a British non-importation agreement. In response, Mein's name appeared on a list of merchants who violated the trade agreement. Mein retaliated by accusing the Merchants' Committee of using the non-importation agreement for illegal profiteering. The irritated readership ransacked the offices of the Chronicle, and ultimately, it ceased operations in 1770................................$159.00

7189 - ORDERS SENT TO ARREST RINGLEADERS IN THE COLONIES, REPEAL OF THE STAMP ACT, A SECRET ARTICLE WRITTEN BY DR. FRANKLIN, THE PENNSYLVANIA CHRONICLE, AND UNIVERSAL ADVERTISER, Philadelphia Feb. 13, 1769. The front page is a religion-related commentary titled:  "The Anatomist, No. XVII." Page 2 has a letter from London beginning; "I am told many of our countrymen are greatly grieved at the news from America; whereas I look upon the Boston Gazette as entertaining a farce as the Padlock..." and further on:  "...Send a fleet to New England to be maintained & live upon free quarters there until the Bostonians have paid every farthing of what all the colonists are indebted to our merchants...I am of opinion it would be happy for this island, if America & the East Indies were swallowed up by an earthquake...One thing I love the colonists for, & that is, they speak out. They have beat the drum & openly declared themselves their own masters, and where's the harm in this? "...with more (see). Another page has a dateline from "Boston" which includes:  "In the course of the debate, the whole behavior of the people of "Boston was stated; they were charged with ingratitude for the return made to the indulgence shewn on the repeal of the stamp act, & that ingratitude traced back to a period immediately subsequent to the repeal..." and "...during the debate some reflections on the repeal of the stamp act necessarily engaged those members who had promoted the repeal..." with more, and ending with:  "...all agreed in condemning the late behavior of the people of Boston; in declaring that resistance to law by force out to be opposed by military force; & in professing an eager zeal to support government & vindicate the authority of the legislature." (see) There is also a lengthy item about the debate in Boston concerning the repeal of the Stamp Act. An extend of a letter from London states, in part:  "...That it was said the Ministry had certainly sent Orders to seize some of the Bostonian Ringleaders, and carry them to England, but it was imagined nothing could be done with them...yet it was believed all would end in our reserving the legislation...and their giving up the Right of Taxation to our Representatives..." The back page has an interesting notice placed by a printing business announcing the publication of the "SERMONS TO ASSES; supposed to be written by the ingenious Dr. Fr-nkl-n..." Eight pages, 9 ½ by 11 ¾ inches, a nice engraving of a coat-of-arms in the masthead, nice condition..................................$225.00

7190 - THE COLONIES ORGANIZE TO ADDRESS THE KING ON HARDSHIPS THE COLONIES ARE LABORING UNDER, THE BOSTON CHRONICLE, March 14, 1768. Inside has a report from Providence that:  "...this colony...have appointed a committee to draw up an address to his Majesty & write to the Ministry & our Agent relative to the peculiar hardships & distresses the colonies are not labouring under." Other various news of the day from both Europe and the colonies. Eight pages, 8 ½ by 10 ¼ inches, very nice condition. A fine opportunity for a colonial Boston newspaper at a very reasonable price. This newspaper published only briefly from December 21, 1767 until 1770. The publishers, John Mein and John Fleeming, were both from Scotland. The Chronicle was a Loyalist paper in the time before the American Revolution. In its second year, Mein printed names in the paper that accused some colonial merchants of breaking a British non-importation agreement. In response, Mein's name appeared on a list of merchants who violated the trade agreement. Mein retaliated by accusing the Merchants' Committee of using the non-importation agreement for illegal profiteering. The irritated readership ransacked the offices of the Chronicle, and ultimately, it ceased operations in 1770...........................$155.00

7191 - BRITISH TROOPS INVOLVED IN ROBBERIES, A TRIAL OF LIBEL AGAINST JOHN HANCOCK AND OTHERS, THE PENNSYLVANIA CHRONICLE AND UNIVERSAL ADVERTISER, Philadelphia, PA. February 20th, 1769. 8 pages, 9.50" X 11.75". Attractive coat of arms masthead, a report from Boston begins, "a number of robberies have been lately committed by the soldiers which some of them have been apprehended and committed to goal. This is not the only instance of a street robbery since the arrival of the troops which was before a crime unknown in this town and serves to convince us more and more how much beholden we are to some persons among us [government]...for influencing to they being quartered in the midst of us, which gives them a still great opportunity to injure and distress our inhabitant, more concerning having British troops quartered in Boston, ...mentions a trial in Admiralty court for the trial of libel against Mr. Hancock and others...Mr. Hancock's nearest relatives and tradesmen were summoned as evidences but nothing turned up that could support libel charges against him...In October 1768, when charges were filed against Hancock and five others for allegedly unloading 100 pipes of wine from the Liberty without paying the duties. If convicted, the defendants would have had to pay a penalty of triple the value of the wine, which came to £9,000. With John Adams serving as his lawyer, Hancock was prosecuted in a highly publicized trial by a vice admiralty court, which had no jury and did not always allow the defense to cross-examine the witnesses. After dragging out for nearly five months, the proceedings against Hancock were dropped without explanation. This paper was a primary means in voicing the anti-British sentiment that was rapidly spreading throughout the colonies prior to the American Revolution. The paper gained much notoriety when Goddard printed an article voicing his support for the Boston Tea Party. The paper's sympathies and general revolutionary message were a cause of great concern to the British. Soon the newspaper was heavily taxed for its delivery by the Crown Post (the colonial mail system in use at the time), and later the Crown Post simply refused to deliver the publication. The Crown Post finally drove the newspaper out of business in 1773. This prompted Goddard and Benjamin Franklin to establish an alternative mail system independent of the Crown Post authorities. This alternative system ultimately became the basis of a postal system that would later become the US Post Office. Condition very fine.....................................$200.00

7192 - YE SONS OF LIBERTY, ATTEND! THE COLONIES UNITE TO HAVE THE TOWNSHEND ACTS REPEALED, PENNSYLVANIA CHRONICLE, & UNIVERSAL ADVERTISER, Philadelphia, February 27, 1769. The front page has:  "A modern Poem on Liberty...". The poem begins:  "Ye Sons of Liberty Attend! To you the Skies in pity send A Bard, who, in the nick of time, stands forth to vindicate, in rhyme, Your life, your liberty and fame...". and takes over a full column. Page 6 has a report from "Charlestown [Charleston], South-Carolina" stating that:  "...if the revenue acts for the repeal whereof this whole continent have earnestly & unanimously petitioned be no speedily repealed, the generality of the people of this province will strictly adhere to the several resolutions they have lately entered into for establishing economy encouraging provincial labour & keeping more money in the colonies..." and then stating their intent for a non-importation agreement with the specifics noted:  "...amongst which are the following, 1. Not to purchase or cause to be purchased any goods whatever imported from G. B. except hard ware; 2. To go heartily to work in manufacturing their own & Negroes cloathing; 3. To avoid as much as possible the purchase of new Negroes; 4. To give all possible encouragement to the importation of such goods (not prohibited) as are manufactured in others of his Majesty's colonies..." and a bit more (see). These were the agreements to force England to repeal the Townshend Acts. Near the back is an ad:  "To Be Sold, A Likely Negro woman, about 25 years of age...". This newspaper was a primary means in voicing the anti-British sentiment that was rapidly spreading throughout the colonies prior to the American Revolution. The paper gained much notoriety when Goddard printed an article voicing his support for the Boston Tea Party. The paper's sympathies and general revolutionary message were a cause of great concern to the British. Soon the newspaper was heavily taxed for its delivery by the Crown Post (the colonial mail system in use at the time), and later the Crown Post simply refused to deliver the publication, driving the newspaper out of business in 1773. This prompted Goddard and Benjamin Franklin to establish an alternative mail system independent of the Crown Post authorities. This alternative system ultimately became the basis of a postal system that would later become the US Post Office. Complete in eight pages which measures about 9 by 12 inches, a few traces of foxing, mostly on the back page. Nice coat-of-arms engraving in the masthead...............................................$215.00

7193 - THE ANTI IMPORTATION ACTS AIMED AT BOYCOTTING GOODS TAXED BY PARLIAMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF RAISING REVENUE IN AMERICA, PENNSYLVANIA CHRONICLE & UNIVERSAL ADVERTISER, Philadelphia, July 3, 1769. The front page includes an illustration relating to a new kind if water-powered mill (see). Page 3 has an interesting report of:  "A bill for a charitable lottery for the relief of distressed Virgins in Great Britain" which begins:  "Whereas, by the great & melancholy disuse of holy matrimony in the kingdom, an infinite number of his Majesty's female subjects are left upon the hands of their parents..." with more (see). The entirety of page 4 is taken up with a great document from Annapolis, Maryland, being a resolution of non-importation. It includes a detailed and historic introductory document outlining the reasons, then specifically outlines the nine points of the non-importation resolution, beginning:  "First, that we will not...directly, or indirectly, import or cause to be imported any manner of goods, merchandize or manufactures which are...taxed by Act of Parliament for the purpose of raising a revenue in America..." with much, much more. It ends:  "...The above Resolutions were subscribed by a number of the most considerable merchants, etc. of Maryland." Another page has a significant letter from the Mass. Assembly to the governor, expressing their anger at the governor's response to their earlier complaints on his the military presence in Boston is a growing problem (see). Complete in 8 pages, nice coat-of-arms engraving in the masthead, 9 ½ by 11 ½ inches, period writing in a margin of the back leaf, nice condition. This newspaper was a primary means in voicing the anti-British sentiment that was rapidly spreading throughout the colonies prior to the American Revolution. The paper gained much notoriety when Goddard printed an article voicing his support for the Boston Tea Party. The paper's sympathies and general revolutionary message were a cause of great concern to the British. Soon the newspaper was heavily taxed for its delivery by the Crown Post (the colonial mail system in use at the time), and later the Crown Post simply refused to deliver the publication, driving the newspaper our of business in 1773. This prompted Goddard and Benjamin Franklin to establish an alternative mail system independent of the Crown Post authorities. This alternative system ultimately became the basis of a postal system that would later become the US Post Office..................................................$175.00

7194 - FRENCH CITIZENS IN NOW SPANISH LOUISIANA WANT TO RE-ESTABLISH THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT OR THEY WILL LEAVE THEIR SETTLEMENTS, JOHN HANCOCK ADDRESSES THE COMPLAINTS OF THE COLONISTS, CONNECTICUT MERCHANTS AGREE TO FOLLOW THE ACTIONS OF NEW YORK AND BOSTON MERCHANTS IN REGARD TO THE RESTRICTION OF GOODS FROM BRITAIN, THE PENNSYLVANIA CHRONICLE & UNIVERSAL ADVERTISER, Philadelphia, July 31, 1769. The front page has an item noting that the inhabitants of Louisiana wish to reestablish the French government among them otherwise they will leave their settlements (see). Page 4 has a very lengthy address from an Assembly committee--comprised of John Hancock among others--to the governor of Massachusetts dealing with the disputes between American and England, followed by the governor's reply signed by him in type:  Fra. Bernard, and this is followed by reports of a petition to the King to remove the governor from office (see for portions). Page 6 has a report from Connecticut noting that the merchants of New Haven have agreed:  "...that the measures agreed to by the merchants in Boston, New York...to restrict the importation of goods from Great Britain until the act of parliament laying duties on paper, glass, etc. shall be repealed...and we concur in opinion with our brethren in the other colonies that it is our duty to exert ourselves by all lawful means to maintain our constitutional rights...not to be taxed but by our own consent or that of our representatives..." with more (see). This is followed by other news reports from the colonies, including an item noting that the armed schooner "Liberty," owned by John Hancock, was seized & converted to a tender by the commissioners of the customs (see). Reports concerning duties carry over to page 7 as well (see). The back page is filled with ads including a lengthy notice concerning four soldiers who deserted the Majesty's army at Philadelphia (see). Eight pages, 9 ½ by 11 ½ inches, nice coat-of-arms engraving in the masthead, very nice condition. This newspaper was a primary means in voicing the anti-British sentiment that was rapidly spreading throughout the colonies prior to the American Revolution. The paper gained much notoriety when Goddard printed an article voicing his support for the Boston Tea Party. The paper's sympathies and general revolutionary message were a cause of great concern to the British. Soon the newspaper was heavily taxed for its delivery by the Crown Post (the colonial mail system in use at the time), and later the Crown Post simply refused to deliver the publications, driving the newspaper out of business in 1773. This prompted Goddard and Benjamin Franklin to establish an alternative mail system independent of the Crown Post authorities. This alternative system ultimately became the basis of a postal system that would later become the US Post Office...................................................$225.00

7195 - SENTIMENT IN ENGLAND IN SUPPORT OF THE COLONIES ANGER OVER TAXES TO SUPPORT BRITISH TROOPS IN AMERICA, PENNSYLVANIA CHRONICLE, Philadelphia, August 21, 1769. The back page notes in part:  "...the measures, which I had taken regarding the late unhappy disturbances in North America have been already laid before you. These disturbances owe their rise to the ministry, not to the Americans...The Americans are now groaning under all the horrors of a military government, and nothing but the terrors of such a government could oblige them to submit to the unconstitutional taxes we have imposed upon them. And to talk of tranquility being restored in America is just as good sense as it would be to talk on an angry man's being pacified, when his mouth was gagged & his feet and hands shackled..." with more (see). A report from "Charlestown" says that from 1756 to 1766, 23, 743 Negroes were imported in South Carolina. More than a full page is taken up with a list of numbers for the Philadelphia & Worcester Lottery. Eight pages, 9 ½ by 11 ¾ inches, nice coat-of-arms engraving in the masthead, very nice condition. This newspaper was a primary means in voicing the anti-British sentiment that was rapidly spreading throughout the colonies prior to the American Revolution. The paper gained much notoriety when Goddard printed an article voicing his support for the Boston Tea Party. The paper's sympathies and general revolutionary message were a cause of great concern to the British. Soon the newspaper was heavily taxed for its delivery by the Crown Post (the colonial mail system in use at the time), and later the Crown Post simply refused to deliver the publication, driving the newspaper out of business in 1773. This prompted Goddard and Benjamin Franklin to establish an alternative mail system independent of the Crown Post authorities. This alternative system ultimately became the basis of a postal system that would later become the US Post Office................................$185.00

7196 - THE PENNSYLVANIA PACKET AND DAILY ADVERTISER, Philadelphia, printed by John Dunlap and David Claypoole, 4 large pages, 14" X 20", Issues of 1787-88, numerous merchant and sailing ship advertisements, new from the new United States of America from the different states. A rare view of Colonial America at a very moderate price. The Pennsylvania Packet, or the General Advertiser was an American newspaper founded in 1771 that, in 1784, became the first successful daily newspaper published in the United States. The paper was founded by John Dunlap in Philadelphia as a weekly paper in later 1771. David C. Claypoole eventually became a partner with Dunlap. As of September 21, 1784, the paper was issued as the Pennsylvania Packet, and Daily Advertiser, reflecting the paper's move to daily publication. Fine to very fine............................................................$49.00/each

7197 - THOMAS' MASSACHUSETTS SPY OR WORCESTER GAZETTE, Complete issues 1797 - 98, 4 large pages, 14" X 20", published at Worcester, MA, published by Isaiah Thomas, Thomas' Massachusetts Spy. During the British occupation of Boston, Isaiah Thomas' original newspaper, the Massachusetts Spy, had fallen on difficult times. However, in 1778 the paper returns, revitalized. Like its publisher, it is outspoken, brazen, and dynamic. Opponents damn the publication as a "sedition factory," but prominent patriots such as James Otis, Paul Revere and John Hancock anonymously contribute articles. Thomas' partisanship wins the Spy a large readership. Read news of John Adams' term as President. A very historic newspaper, we have several issues in very good to fine condition, light aging tone.......................................................$30.00/each

60709 - 1805 ALMANAC BY ISIAH THOMAS JR, published in Worcester, MA, by Isaiah Thomas Jr., complete with wraps. Born in Boston, the only son of Isaiah Thomas, Sr. Isaiah Thomas, Jr. was one of the incorporators of the American Antiquarian Society in 1812. He also served as the Society's treasurer from 1813 until his death in 1819. He was remembered as 'a man of large intelligence and fond of books', wrote with east and rapidity, of excellent conversational powers, fond of and devoted to his home and family. Thomas was taught the business of printing by his father and started his Weld, the daughter of a wealthy Boston merchant. In 1799, he became the co-publisher of the Massachusetts Spy, sharing the masthead with his father until 1801, when he was made the sole publisher and editor. Thomas bought out his father's large printing, papermaking and publishing business in 1802 when Isaiah Thomas, Sr., retired. In 1810, the younger Thomas moved to Boston, and continued to issue the Spy and the family's almanac, as well as to print books such as Bernhard Faust's, A New Guide to Health (1810) and Charles Robbins' The Drum & Fife Instructor (1812). Thomas' business interests were adversely affected by the War of 1812. He sold the Spy in that year and tried to expand his bookselling business by opening shops in Connecticut, Maine, and Maryland. He continued to issue a variety of almanacs and books. Copies of many of his publications are preserved in the imprint collection of the American Antiquarian Society. Thomas died in Boston in the summer of 1819 following an accident. Very good, average foxing, uncommon................................................................$75.00

42906 - A RARE PHILADELPHIA LAND INDENTURE DATED 1693/4 SIGNED BY PATRICK ROBINSON ONE OF THE 15 MEN AWARDED LAND BY WILLIAM PENN IN 1682, 14" X 16", manuscript sale of land in Philadelphia on May 1st, 1683/4 by Patrick Robinson in the Province of Pennsylvania and signed by him. Robinson was one of 15 Englishmen granted land in Philadelphia on March 22nd, 1682 by William Penn. This indenture was for part of his Philadelphia lands. Robinson had also been granted 200 acres [July 1st, 1683] of land in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania which was founded as a Quaker Colony in 1682 by William Penn. Well written, ink erosion by the top of "P" in Pat [Robinson], some other spots of ink erosion nicely archaically restored. An extremely rare and historic early Pennsylvania manuscript...........................................$395.00

30611 - THOMAS MELVILLE, SR. BOSTON TEA PARTY PARTICIPANT, Born in Boston to Scottish-born merchant Allan Melvill (d. 1761) and Jean Cargill, Thomas Melvill attended New Jersey College. In July 1773, he was awarded an honorary MA degree by Harvard College. He married Priscilla Scollay in 1774. Friends included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere "When the citizens of Boston began to evince a determination to resist the arbitrary, offensive and onerous exactions of the British government, Melvill was conspicuous among the ardent and gallant young men of the capital, for his zeal and intrepidity, during that momentous advent of...national independence. He participated in the Boston Tea Party [December 16th, 1773], "that immortal band which in December, 1773, in presence of the Royal fleet, boarded the tea ships in Boston harbor, and threw their rich cargoes into the ocean." In March 1776, when "the British fleet was driven from Boston harbor, Captain Melvill discharged the first guns at the hostile ships, from his battery, at Nantasket." During the war he "served in the Rhode Island campaigns of 1777 and 1779." After the war, he worked as a "naval officer" (1786-1820), and "surveyor and port inspector of excise" (ca. 1796) at the customhouse on State Street. "When the custom house was established in Boston, in 1786, he was appointed surveyor; in 1789 was made inspector, and...in 1814, he was appointed naval officer of the port." 9" X 14" partially printed and filled-in document, Port of Boston, May 12th, 1818, certificate for shipping goods on the sloop Huron to New York signed by Thomas Melvill as Naval Officer. Very fine, scarce................................................$350.00

30800 - OLIVER ELLSWORTH, REVOLUTIONARY WAR LEADER, Oliver Ellsworth (April 29, 1745 - November 26, 1807) was an American lawyer and politician, a Revolutionary against British rule, a drafter of the United States Constitution, and the third Chief Justice of the United States. While at the Federal Convention, Ellsworth moved to strike the word National from the motion made by Edmund Randolph of Virginia. Randolph had moved successfully to call the government the National Government of United States. Ellsworth moved that the government should continue to be called the United States Government. His bold signature on a May 30th, 1778 pay voucher for 109 Pounds 10 Shillings made out to Lt. Thomas Sloan for his Guards [pay voucher/expenses]. Sloan was a Lt. in the "Hartford Guards" and also supplied bullets and cannon mounts to the Continental Army. 6" X 8", also signed by John Lawrence. In excellent condition..................................$325.00

30804 - GENERAL JOHN LAMB, REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERAL, SONS OF LIBERTY, Prior to the Revolutionary War, Lamb was a leading member of the Sons of Liberty. He wrote articles in the and published anonymous handbills. When the news of the Battles of Lexington and Concord was received he and his men seized the military stores at Turtle Bay. He was commissioned a captain of an artillery company and served under Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold in the Battle of Quebec. He was wounded and captured at the assault on Quebec city and was released on parole a few months later. He was appointed major of artillery on January 9, 1776. In January 1777, he was appointed colonel of the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment. He commanded the artillery at West Point, New York in 1779 and 1780. During the campaign and Siege of Yorktown, Lamb continued to command the 2nd Regiment. A monthly strength report from September 26, 1781 showed 200 officers and men under Lamb's command. [2] On October 9th, Lamb was the Officer of the Day when General Washington fired the first American cannon to open the siege. During the siege, the artillery served with distinction. The artillery detachment and Lamb's artillery in particular, were accorded high praise by both Washington and General Henry Knox, chief of artillery for the Continental Army. A General Order from the Commander-in-Chief relayed his thanks and appreciation to Lamb's artillery unit. After the British surrender, Lamb was placed in temporary command of all the artillery, and oversaw its return to New York. He was brevetted a brigadier general on September 30, 1783. In 1784, he was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by the Congress of  the Confederation, and retained the post during the Washington administration. His signature on a City of New York customs document dated October 3rd, 1795, pre-printed and filled-in, 5" X 7", top left corner irregular due to prior attachment unaffecting any print or manuscript in any war, scarce Revolutionary War early leader and artillery officer......................................................$165.00

30805 - SERVED IN THE LEXINGTON ALARM, CONNECTICUT LINE, AND ON THE CONNECTICUT SHIP TRUMBULL, Dated June 1st, 1782, pre-printed and filled in voucher made out to Peter Whitney for 3 Pounds, 3 Shillings, 7 Pence for a balance due him for serving in the Continental Army. Signed by John Lawrence. Connecticut records show that Whitney had served in the French & Indian War, the April 1775 Lexington Alarm [from Wethersfield], under General Spencer in the 2nd Regiment in 1775, then in the 3rd Battalion, Wadsworth's Brigade in 1776, then aboard the Connecticut ship "Trumbull" in 1777-78, and then in the 3rd Regiment Continental Line 1781-83. He was pensioned in 1818 and died in 1826. Very fine, O cancelled as usual.........................................................................$95.00

30806 - BRITISH COLONEL THEN GENERAL, Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres and de jure 23rd Earl of Crawford (18 January 1752 - 27 March 1825) was the son of James Lindsay, 5th Earl of Balcarres. In 1777, he was appointed a major of the 53rd, and he commanded the light infantry companies at the Battle of Saratoga (1777), and surrendered there with Burgoyne. He was released from captivity in 1779. Promoted lieutenant-colonel of the 42nd during his imprisonment, he was subsequently promoted to the rank of colonel and made lieutenant-colonel commandant of the second 71st Regiment of Foot, a battalion of the 71st uninvolved in the surrender at Yorktown (as was the rest of the regiment). He was chosen a representative peer for Scotland in 1784, and was re-elected through 1807, inclusive. On 27 August 1789, he was appointed colonel of the 63rd Regiment of Foot, and was promoted major-general in 1793. His large signature in ink on a partial document dated 1804. Signed as usual with his title "Balcarres".......................................................$75.00

30808 - COLONEL RETURN J. MEIGS, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, Return Jonathan Meigs [born December 17 (old style) or December 28 (new style), 1740; died January 28, 1823] was a colonel who served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, was one of the founding settlers of the Northwest Territory in what is now the state of Ohio, and later served as a federal government Indian agent working with the Cherokee in Tennessee. On April 19, 1775, after the Battle of Lexington, he led a company of light infantry to Boston. There he was appointed to the rank of major in the 2nd Connecticut Regiment, a provincial regiment of the Continental Army. Later that year, serving as a division (battalion) commander under Colonel Benedict Arnold, he accompanied Arnold on his 1,100-man expedition through Maine to Canada. Meigs was captured by the British in the assault on Quebec City and imprisoned, but was paroled on May 16, 1776, by British Gen. Guy Carleton as consideration for Meigs' decent treatment of a British prisoner, Captain Law, Carleton's Chief engineer. Meigs returned to Connecticut by way of Halifax and subsequently returned to military service. He returned to active service when he was formally exchanged on January 10, 1777. On May 12, he was sent to command the 6th Connecticut Regiment when its colonel, William Douglas, became incapacitated by ill health. One of his most important achievements during the Revolutionary War was leading the Meigs Raid against the British forces in Sag Habor, New York, in May 1777. With 220 men in a fleet of 13 whaleboats, he crossed Long Island Sound from Connecticut to Long Island to attack the British fleet at night. The raid succeeded in burning 12 ships and taking 90 prisoners, without losing a single man. The U.S. Congress awarded him a presentation sword for his heroism. Colonel Douglas died on May 28, and Meigs received appointment as colonel of the 6th Connecticut by Governor Trumbull on September 10, 1777, with a date of rank of May 12. When a Corps of Light Infantry was formed under General Anthony Wayne in July 1779, Meigs was given command of its 3rd Regiment, which he led at the Battle of Stony Point.  Following its disbandment in December, he returned to the 6th Connecticut and became acting commander of the 1st Connecticut Brigade. In that capacity he put down an incipient mutiny and received the written thanks of Gen. George Washington. On January 1, 1781, the Continental Main Army reorganized, consolidating many regiments. The Connecticut Line was reduced from eight to five regiments, retiring four colonels, including Meigs. A NICE INK SIGNATURE AS A AND A CLOSING TO A LETTER.....................................................$95.00

30809 - GENERAL THOMAS MIFFLIN, REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERAL, Thomas Mifflin (January 10, 1744 - January 20, 1800) was an American merchant and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolution, a member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly, a Continental Congressman from Pennsylvania, President of the Continental Congress, and a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. He served as Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, President of the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council and the first Governor of Pennsylvania. Early in the Revolutionary War, Mifflin left the Continental Congress to serve in the Continental Army. Although his family had been Quakers for four generations, he was expelled from the Religious Society of Friends because his involvement with a military force contradicted his faith's pacifistic nature. He was commissioned as a major, then became George Washington's aide-de-camp and, on August 14, 1775 Washington appointed him to become the army's first Quartermaster General under order of Congress. He was good at the job, but preferred to be on the front lines. His leadership in battle gained him promotions to colonel and then brigadier general. He asked to be relieved of the job of Quartermaster General, but was persuaded to resume those duties because congress was having difficultly finding a replacement. In Congress, there was debate regarding whether a national army was more efficient or if individual states should maintain their own forces. As a result of this debate the Congressional Board of War was created, on which Mifflin served from 1777 to 1778. He then rejoined the army but took little active role, following criticism of his service as quartermaster general. He was accused of embezzlement and welcomed an inquiry; however, one never took place. He resigned his commission--by then, as a major general--but Congress continued to ask his advice eve he was against slavery. A nice large ink signature of Mifflin matted with an engraving....................................................................$150.00

30810 - COLONEL GEORGE MORGAN, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, During the American Revolutionary War, George Morgan was commissioned a colonel and assigned to Fort Pitt to oversee diplomacy with Native Americans in the area: Lenape, Shawnee and others. The American rebels hoped to gain them as allies, or at least convince them to be neutral and not ally with the British. While there Morgan worked closely with the Lenape chief White Eyes; the two became trusted friends. In 1777 there were allegations made to the Continental Congress against Colonel Morgan that he had collaborated with Alexander McKee and others against the American cause. McKee was the former British deputy Indian superintendent and had escaped from captivity at Fort Pitt. Morgan was cleared of these charges in 1778. In November 1778, Chief White Eyes accompanied American forces on an expedition against the British at Detroit. He died that month, with the Americans' reporting he had contracted smallpox. Years later Morgan wrote to Congress saying that the American militia had killed. White Eyes in Michigan, and that American officials had covered up the murder. In 1783, Morgan reported on Indian affairs to the Continental Congress, accompanied by White Eyes' 12-year-old son, named George Morgan White Eyes, for whom he was caring. The Congress authorized him to care for the boy for another year. In view of the chief White Eyes' service to the Americans, Morgan helped secure funding from the Continental Congress for the education of George Morgan White Eyes, who graduated from the College of New Jersey (Princeton University) in 1789. After the Revolution, Morgan moved to the Ohio River Valley in hopes of becoming a land speculator. While in Ohio, he gathered paleontological specimens which he sent to his brother John, a founder of the American Philosophical Society, based in Philadelphia. To his disappointment, in 1784 the new United States government claimed much of the territory which he hoped to claim. In 1788, the Spanish offered to let Morgan create a colony in their territory on the western bank of the Mississippi River, formerly controlled by France as part of New Louisiana. He chose the location of present-day New Madrid, Missouri. Morgan mapped out his new colony, naming the roads and designing the plans. Disappointed by the lack of Spanish concessions, he left after a few years and returned to Pennsylvania. Manuscript document, 5" X 6.5", written and signed by George Morgan being a receipt of 95 Pounds, 16 Shillings, two pence from Archibald Mercer dated October 13th, 1784. Large bold signature, very fine...........................................................................$225.00

30811 - GENERAL BENJAMIN LINCOLN REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERAL AND THOMAS MELVILL WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE BOSTON TEA PARTY, Benjamin Lincoln (January 24, 1733 - May 9, 1810) was an American army officer. He served as a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He is notable for being present at three major surrenders during the war: he attended John Burgoyne's surrender of a British army after the Battles of Saratoga, he oversaw the largest American surrender of the war at the 1780 Siege of Charleston, and he formally accepted the British surrender at Yorktown. Thomas Melvill, when the citizens of Boston began to evince a determination to resist the arbitrary, offensive and onerous exactions of the British government, Melvill was conspicuous among the ardent and gallant young men of the capital, for his zeal and intrepidity, during that momentous advent of...national independence. He participated in the Boston Tea Party, "that immortal band which in December, 1773, in presence of the Royal fleet, boarded the tea ships in Boston harbor, and threw their rich cargoes into the ocean." In March 1776 when "the British fleet was driven from Boston harbor, Captain Melvill discharged the first guns at the hostile ships, from his battery, at Nantasket." During the war, he "served in the Rhode Island campaigns of 1777 and 1779." 5.5" X 8" partially printed and filled in document, July 6th, 1802, Port of Boston and Charlestown, import declaration for one chest of GREEN TEA weighing 59# SIGNED BY BENJAMIN LINCOLN AND THOMAS MELVILL. What an outstanding combination. Signed by one of Washington's most trusted and reliable Generals and a main participant in the Boston Tea Party involving TEA. Very fine................................................$650.00 [Melville documents sell for $400 alone]

30812 - GENERAL WILLIAM MOULTRIE, REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERAL, Moultrie was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He fought in the Anglo-Cherokee War (1761) and served in the colonial assembly before the advent of the American Revolution. In 1775, he was commissioned colonel of the 2nd South Carolina Regiment. In December of that year, he led a raid on an encampment of runaway slaves on Sullivan's Island, killing 50 and capturing the rest. In 1776, his defense of a small fort on Sullivan's Island (later named Fort Moultrie in his honor) prevented Sir Henry Clinton and Sir Peter Parker from taking Charleston, South Carolina. The Continental Congress passed a resolution thanking Moultrie. He was promoted to brigadier general and his regiment was taken into the Continental Army Moultrie's skill failed to prevent the fall of Savannah, Georgia to the British in 1778. He was captured in the fall of Charleston to the British in 1780 and later exchanged. He was promoted to major general in 1782, the last man appointed to that rank by Congress. After the war, he served as the 35th Governor of South Carolina (1785-87, 1792-94). A large clipped signature from a document, WILL MOULTRIE on vellum, 5" overall..........................................$195.00

30813 - GENERAL J. PETER MUHLENBERG, REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERAL, although a Lutheran minister toward the end of 1775, Muhlenberg was authorized to raise and command as its colonel the 8th Virginia Regiment of the Continental Army. After George Washington personally asked him to accept this task, he agreed. However, his brother Frederick Augustus Mulenberg, who was also a minister, did not approve of him. Then he joined the military himself. Muhlenberg's unit was first posted to the South, to defend the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. In early 1777, the Eighth was sent north to join Washington's main army. Muhlenberg was made a brigadier general of the Virginia Line and commanded that Brigade in Nathaniel Greene's division at Valley Forge. Muhlenberg saw service in the Battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. After Monmouth, most of the Virginia Line was sent to the far south, while General Muhlenberg, was assigned to head up the defense of Virginia using mainly militia units. At the Battle of Yorktown, he commanded the first brigade in Lafayette's Light Division. His brigade was made up of the Corps of Light Infantry, consisting of the light infantry companies of the line regiments of Massachusetts (ten companies), Connecticut (five companies), New Hampshire (five companies), and Rhode Island and New Jersey (one each). They held the right flank and manned the two trenches built to move American cannons closer to Cornwallis' defenses. The battalion commanded by French Lt-Col Jean-Joseph Sourbader, Chevalier de Gimat, led the night bayonet attack that stormed Redoubt No. 10 on October 14, 1781. At the end of the war (1783), he was brevetted to major general and settled in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Muhlenberg was also an original member of the Pennsylvania Society of the Society of the Cincinnati. His signature on a large vellum document SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA dated march 20th, 1788. 16" X 20" with large paper seal intact a patent land grant for Joseph Shippen and Edward Shippen. The land was called "Greenwich" in Northumberland County amounting to 306 ¾ acres. At tht time he was Vice President of the Supreme Council equivalent to Lt. Governor of the State. Also signed by James Trimble Deputy Secretary of State. Colonel Joseph Shippen was a Colonel in the French and Indian War. Fine, vellum is bright and strong manuscript, some usual pin holes at folds but trifling. A very scarce Revolutionary War General..................$495.00

30814 - PAYMENT TO THE PARENTS OF A DEAD SOLDIER, June 1st, 1780, 7" X 5" pre-printed payment voucher for money due Peter Munson who had served in the Connecticut Line of the Continental Army payable to William his father. O cancelled as usual, very fine...................................................$85.00

30815 - COLONEL JOHN NIXON, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, GAVE FIRST PUBLIC READING OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, soldier was born in Philadelphia, PA in 1733. His father was a wealthy shipping merchant who left his son his business at his death in 1756. John Nixon was among those who signed the non-importation agreements of 1765, from which time on he was one of the leaders of the patriot cause in Philadelphia. He was a member of the first of correspondence and of the committee of public safety, served in the provincial conventions of 1774 and 1775, and in April 1775, was chosen lieutenant-colonel of the 3rd Philadelphia battalion. In May, 1776, he commanded the defenses of the Delaware, from which he was transferred in July, 1776, and was assigned to the command of the city guard of Philadelphia. He was the first to read the declaration of independence to an assemblage of citizens after its adoption. In the summer of 1776, his battalion served at Amboy. In the following December, Nixon, having in the meantime succeeded to the chief command, reinforced Washington at Trenton and participated in the battle of Princeton. In 1776, Nixon served on the navy board and in 1778 he spend the winter at Valley Forge. When a bank to provision the army was formed in 1780 he became its first director. He was also one of the founders of the Bank of North America, established in 1783, and its president from 1792 until his death, which occurred December 31, 1808. A long two page letter signed by Nixon in 1808 just months before his death dealing with the sale of property that may become more valuable due to a turnpike being built in the near future. Folded letter sheet, nice early Philadelphia postal cancellation, [September 27th], very desirable soldier-financier..........................................................$250.00

30824 - COLONEL THOMAS PROCTOR, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, MASTER ARTILLERY OFFICER, WHISKEY REBELLION RECEIPT, Thomas Proctor or Thomas Procter (1739 - 16 March 1806) commanded the 4th Continental Artillery Regiment during the American Revolutionary War. He was born in County Longford, Ireland immigrated to British America, and joined the carpenters guild in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1772. He received a commission as an artillery captain in October 1775 and proceeded to raise a company of Pennsylvania state artillery. In the summer of 1776, a second company was recruited and Proctor was promoted to major. One of the companies fought well at the Battle of Trenton in December 1776, though Proctor was not there. He led his gunners at Princeton in January 1777. The Pennsylvania artillery companies informally joined George Washington's army. The state authorities elevated Proctor to Colonel and charged him to recruit the Pennsylvania State Artillery Regiment in February 1777. In June 1777 Proctor's Continental Artillery Regiment officially became part of the Continental Army. He played an important role at the Brandywine in September 1777 and at Germantown a few weeks later. He served under "Mad Anthony Wayne" at Brandywine and had an artillery duel with General Knyphausen at Chadds Ford where his horse was shot from under him. In June 1778, he led his gunners at Monmouth. In 1779, he went on the Sullivan Expedition against the Iroquois Nation. On 10 August 1779, his regiment was renamed the 4th Continental Artillery Regiment. He took guns into action at Bull's Ferry in 1780. The hot-tempered Proctor often quarreled with the Pennsylvania civil authorities and this led him to resign from the army in April 1781. Next to General Knox, Colonel Proctor was the most distinguished artillery officer in the Revolutionary War. Governor Thomas Mifflin appointed Proctor a brigadier general of militia in 1793 and the following year sent him with a brigade of 1,849 men to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. An autographed receipt dated at Harrisburgh [PA] October 2nd, 1794...Rec. from Edward Fox $50.00 for which I have to account with the paymaster General and for which I have signed two receipts of this time and date, Thomas Proctor." 2" X 6.5", well written on thick laid paper, trifle archival strengthening on verso, bright paper. A receipt written and signed by Proctor during the Whiskey rebellion in October 1794.................................................$125.00

30825 - GENERAL RUFUS PUTNAM, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, Rufus Putnam (April 9, 1738 - May 4, 1824) was a colonial military officer during the French and Indian War, and a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He was instrumental in the initial settling of the Ohio Country following the war. After the shots at the Battle of Lexington were fired, Putnam immediately enlisted the same day, on April 19, 1775, in one of Massachusetts's first revolutionary regiments. Putnam later enlisted in the Continental Army as a Lieutenant Colonel, under the command of David Brewer. Brewer's regiment first engaged with the British Army in Roxbury, Massachusetts. Putnam, drawing from his knowledge and skill as a millwright, was essential in constructing the fortifications necessary for obtaining victory. His fortifications played as a key advantage for the Continental Army, securing victories at Sewall's Point, Providence, New Port, Dorchester Heights, Long Island, and West Point. General Washington appointed Putnam to be the Chief of Engineers of the Works of New York. He was soon promoted to engineer with the rank of colonel; however when the Continental Congress rejected his proposition to establish a corp. of engineers in December 1776, Putnam resigned. He reenlisted in the Northern Army and served under Major General Horatio Gates. Under Gates, Putnam commanded two regiments in the Battle of Saratoga. Putnam also constructed crucial fortifications, including Fort Putnam at West Point in 1778. In 1779 Putnam served under Major General Anthony Wayne in the Corps of Light Infantry following the capture of Stony Point, commanding the 4th Regiment. Putnam's remaining military career was rather uneventful. In January 1783 he was commissioned as brigadier general. Putnam led a group of Revolutionary veterans to settle the land in 1788. These American Pioneers to the Northwest Territory arrived at the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum Rivers, on April 7, 1788, and established Marietta, Ohio as the first permanent American settlement in the Northwest Territory. Putnam went on to serve as one of three judges of the Northwest Territory in place of the deceased Samuel Holden Parsons. He served in General Anthony Wayne's Ohio campaign against American Indian tribes, and in 1796, Putnam was appointed as the first Surveyor General of the United States, a position he held until 1803. He was elected a Washington county delegate to the Ohio Constitutional Convention in 1802. [5] He was a Trustee of Ohio University from 1804 to 1824 Putnam died on may 4, 1824. He was buried at Mound Cemetery in Marietta, Ohio. The town of Putnam, Ohio (now a part of Zanesville, Ohio) was named for Rufus Putnam. Putnam's signature on a document with others dated at Marietta, Ohio, October 7th, 1820 dealing with stocks. 8" X 10", bold signature...................................................$175.00

30826 - COLONEL NATHANIEL RAMSAY, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, SAVED WASHINGTON AT MONMOUTH, Ramsey was a delegate to the Maryland Convention (the revolutionary assembly) in 1775. In 1776, he joined the Continental Army ass a captain in Colonel Smallwood's 1st Maryland Regiment, and went north in time to see action in the Battle of Long Island in August. In December, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and placed in command of the 3rd Maryland Regiment. He led them in the defense of Philadelphia in 1777. At the Battle of Monmouth, in June 1778, Ramsey was asked by General Washington to stop the British advance after General Lee's initial retreat, and gain time for Washington to rally his other troops. He did so, but his regiment took heavy casualties. Ramsey himself was seriously wounded with eight wounds and left for dead, and taken prisoner. By the time he was exchanged, his regiment had gone south with General Nathaniel Greene's forces. He returned to Maryland, and his only remaining military role was in recruiting. A nice ink clipped signature..................................................$75.00

30827 - FRANCIS LORD RAWDON-HASTINGS, LORD MOIRA, BRITISH OFFICER, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, Rawdon was posted at Boston as a Lieutenant in the 5th Regiment of Foot's Grenadier company, during the Battle of Lexington and Concord, but he saw action at the battle of Bunker Hill. Serving with the grenadiers, he participated in the second assault against Breed's Hill (which failed), and the third assault against the redoubt. As his superior, Captain Harris, was wounded beside him, he took command of is company, for the successful assault. John Burgoyne noted in dispatches: "Lord Rawdon has this day stamped his fame for life." He also was wounded during the assault. He was promoted Captain, and given a company in the 63rd Foot. There was a rumor that Lieutenant Lord Rawdon killed the rebel General Joseph Warren. Lord Rawdon is depicted in John Trumbull's famous painting The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Rawdon is in the far background holding the British ensign. He was appointed Aide-de-camp to General Sir Henry Clinton, and sailed with him on the expedition to Brunswick Town, North Carolina, on the Cape Fear River, and then to the repulse at Fort Moultrie, Charleston, South Carolina. He returned with him to New York. On 4 August, he dined with General Clinton, Admiral Lord Howe, Lord Cornwallis, General Vaughan, and others. During the Battle of Long Island, he was at headquarters, with Clinton. On 15 September, he led his men at Kip's Bay, an amphibious landing on Manhattan Island. The next day, he led his troops in support of the Light Infantry, that attacked Harlem Heights, until the Americans withdrew. Again he participated at the landings at Pell's Point. The British pressed the Americans to White Plains, where on 1 November the Americans withdrew from their entrenchments. On 8 December, he landed with Clinton at Rhode Island securing the ports for the British Navy. On 13 January 1777, with Clinton, he departed for London, arriving 1 March. During a ball at Lord George Germain's he met Lafayette, (who was visiting London). [Returning to America, in July, while Howe went to his Philadelphia campaign. Rawdon went with Clinton to the New York headquarters, where he participated in the battles of the New York Highlands, where on 7 October, Fort constitution, (opposite West Point), was captured. However, this was too late to link up with General Burgoyne at Albany. Rawdon was sent to Philadelphia with dispatches, and returned to New York for the winter, where he raised a regiment, called the Volunteers of Ireland, recruited from deserters and Irish loyalists. Promoted colonel, in command of this regiment, Rawdon went with Clinton to Philadelphia. Starting out on 18 June 1778, he went with Clinton during the withdrawal from Philadelphia to New York, and saw action at the Battle of Monmouth. He was appointed adjutant general. Rawdon was sent to learn news of the Battle of Rhode Island. At New York, on 3 September 1779, he quarreled with Clinton, and resigned his position as adjutant general. He served with the Volunteers of Ireland, during the raid on Staten Island, by Lord Stirling on 15 January 1780. He went south to the Siege of Charleston with reinforcements, then Lord Cornwallis posted him at Camden (16 August 1780) as the British sought to occupy South Carolina. Rawdon commanded the British left wind at the Battle of Camden. When Cornwallis went into Virginia, he left Rawdon in effective command in the south. Perhaps his most noted achievement was the victory in 1781 at the Battle of Hobkirk's Hill, where in command of only a small force, he defeated by superior military skill and determination, a much larger body of Americans rebel. Thinking, (in error) that Nathaniel Greene had moved his artillery away; Rawdon attacked Greene's left wing, forcing the Americans to retire. However, Rawdon was forced to begin a gradual retreat to Charleston, relieving the siege of Ninety-Six, but then evacuating it and withdrawing to Charleston. When the Loyalists he saved in the Siege of Ninety-Six were eventually relocated to Nova Scotia, they named their community of Rawdon, Nova Scotia after him. In July 1781, in poor health, he gave up his command. A 4 page ALS written and signed with his title "Moria" dated May 31st, 1806. Very fine..............................................................$250.00

30828 - JESSE ROOT, REVOLUTIONARY WAR OFFICER AND COLONEL SAMUEL WYLLYS, Dated at Hartford, CT, September 16th, 1785 paying Jesse Root 20 shillings out of the moneys raised for the support of Civil Government. Root endorses the voucher. 5" X 6.5". Samuel Wyllys dockets the document vertically. Jesse Root - delegate from Connecticut; born in Coventry, Tolland County, Conn., December 28, 1736; was graduated from Princeton College in 1756; studied theology in Andover; was ordained as a minister and preached from 1758 to 1763; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1763 and commenced practice in Hartford, Conn.; captain, lieutenant colonel, and adjutant general in the Revolutionary Army; Member of the Continental Congress 1778 - 1782; state's attorney 1785 - 1789; appointed a judge of the superior court in 1789 and served as chief justice from 1796 to 1807, when he resigned; member of the state house of representatives 1807 - 1809; delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1818; died in Coventry, Conn., March 29, 1822; interment in Nathan Hale Cemetery, South Coventry, Tolland County, Conn. Colonel Samuel Wyllys commanded a Continental battalion during the Revolutionary War..................................................................$80.00

30835 - GENERAL PHILIP SCHUYER, AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERAL, An ink signature of Schuyler on a small portion of a printed document. Schuyler was elected to the Continental Congress in 1775, and served until he was appointed a Major General of the Continental Army in June. General Schuyler took command of the Northern Department, and planned the Invasion of Canada (1775). His poor health required him to place Richard Montgomery in command of the invasion. As department commanding General, he was active in preparing a defense against the Saratoga Campaign, part of the "Three Pronged Attack" strategy of the British to cut the American Colonies in two by invading and occupying New York State in 1777. In the summer of that year General John Burgoyne marched his British army south from Quebec over the valleys of Lakes Champlain and George. On the way he invested the small Colonial garrison occupying Fort Ticonderoga at the nexus of the two lakes. When General St. Clair surrendered Fort Ticonderoga in July, the Congress replaced Schuyler with General Horatio Gates, who had accused Schuyler of dereliction of duty. The British offensive was eventually stopped by Continental Army then under the command of Gates and Benedict Arnold in the Battle of Saratoga. That victory, the first wholesale defeat of a large British force, marked a turning point in the revolution, for it convinced France to enter the war on the American's side. When Schuyler demanded a court martial to answer Gates' charges, he was vindicated but resigned from the army on April 19, 1779. He then served in two more sessions of the Continental Congress in 1779 and 1780........................................................$195.00

30837 - GENERAL JOHN SULLIVAN, AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERAL, 5" X 6" State of New Hampshire payment voucher dated January 10th, 1787, paying John Williams 9 Pounds, 15 Shillings, eight pence for his services as a "Doorkeeper." Signed by John Sullivan at Portsmouth, NH as "President" or Governor of New Hampshire. The post as "Doorkeeper" was for services in the New Hampshire House where he later was Speaker of the House. Sullivan, John, 1740 - 95, American Revolutionary General, b. Somersworth, N.H. He was a lawyer and a delegate (1774-75, 1780-81) to the Continental Congress but is better remembered as a military leader. He served at the siege of Boston, and in 1776, while fighting under George Washington at the battle of Long Island; he was captured by the British. He was exchanged in time to fight at Trenton and Princeton and later at Brandywine and Germantown. In 1778, he was sent to cooperate with the French fleet in an attack on Newport. The fleet was forced to withdraw, however, and the attack had to be given up. The next year, with Gen. James Clinton, he conducted a retaliatory campaign against the Iroquois and Loyalists on the New York frontier. The Native Americans and Loyalists were defeated in the battle of Newtown (near Elmira), and much of the Iroquois country was laid waste. Sullivan was later elected chief executive (1786, 1787, 1789) of New Hampshire. He also helped to put down Shays' Rebellion and was influential in getting the Constitution ratified. Large strong signature on the payment voucher, as usual O cancelled unaffecting Sullivan's signature or significant data. Very fine overall and a scarce Rev. War General...............$275.00

30839 - COLONEL ISAAC SHELBY, REVOLUTIONARY WAR COMMANDER AND 1ST GOVERNOR OF KENTUCKY, Dated October 15th, 1789, Isaac Shelby signs in the third person a listing of money paid to Stephen Fisher for the Hart's Estate for various items such as a man's hat, saddle, blanket, and other sundry items. Sworn to by the Justice in Mercer County, Kentucky, 5" X 7", data list in Shelby's hand, fine. Isaac Shelby (December 11, 1750 - July 18, 1826) was the first and fifth Governor of the U.S. State of Kentucky and served in the state legislatures of Virginia and North Carolina. He was also a soldier in Lord Dunmore's War, the Revolutionary War, and the War of 1812. While governor, he personally led the Kentucky militia in the Battle of the Thames, an action that was rewarded with a Congressional Gold Medal. Counties in nine states, and several cities and military bases, have been named in his honor. His fondness for John Dickinson's The Liberty Song is believed to be the reason Kentucky adopted the state motto "United we stand, divided we fall." Shelby's military service began when he served as second-in-command to his father at the Battle of Point Pleasant, the only major battle of Lord Dunmore's War. He gained the reputation of an expert woodsman and surveyor, and spent the early part of the Revolutionary War gathering supplies for the Continental Army. Later in the war, he and John Sevier led expeditions over the Appalachian Mountains against the British forces in North Carolina. He played a pivotal role in the British defeat at the Battle of King's Mountain. For his service, he was presented with a ceremonial sword and a pair of pistols by the North Carolina legislature, and the nickname "Old King's Mountain" followed him the rest of his life. Following the war, Shelby relocated to Kentucky on lands awarded to him for his military service and became involved in Kentucky's transition from a county of Virginia to an independent state. His heroism made him popular with the citizens of the state, and the state electoral college unanimously elected him governor in 1792. He secured the state from Indian attacks and organized its first government. He leveraged the Citizen Genet affair to convince the Washington administration to make an agreement with the Spanish for free trade on the Mississippi River. At the end of his gubernatorial term, Shelby retired from public life, but he was called back into politics by the impending War of 1812. Kentuckians urged Shelby to run for governor again and lead them through the anticipated conflict. He was elected easily, and at the request of General William Henry Harrison, commanded troops from Kentucky at the Battle of the Thames. At the conclusion of the war, he declined President James Monroe's offer to become Secretary of War. In his last act of public service, he and Andrew Jackson acted as commissioners to negotiate the Jackson Purchase from the Chickasaw Indian tribe. Shelby died at his estate in Lincoln County, Kentucky, on July 18, 1826..............................................$250.00

30841 - JONATHON TRUMBULL, REVOLUTIONARY WAR LEADER, Small ink clipped signature of Trumbull. British General Thomas Gage arrived in Boston, a city with a history of violent protests against British policies, on May 13, 1774. Given the problems he was inheriting from Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson, within a week of arriving Gage contacted Trumbull and expressed a "readiness to cooperate" with him "for the good of his Majesty's service." When Gage sent Trumbull a request for assistance after the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Trumbull refused and made clear his choice to side with the Patriots. He replied that Gage's troops would "disgrace even barbarians," and he accused Gage of "a most unprovoked attack upon the lives and the property of his Majesty's subjects." On July 6, 1775, along with other officers, the governor of Connecticut commissioned Nathan Hale as a first lieutenant in the newly raised Seventh Regiment. Trumbull was a friend and advisor of General Washington throughout the Revolutionary Period, dedicating the resources of Connecticut to the fight for independence. Washington declared him "the first of the patriots." When Washington was desperate for men or food during the war, he could turn to "Brother Jonathan." He also served as the Continental Army's Paymaster General (Northern Department) in the spring of 1778, until the untimely death of his mother forced him to resign his post. As part of his resignation, he requested tat the remainder of his back pay be distributed to the soldiers of the Northern Department. Trumbull's signature is very scarce and catalogues several years ago at $250, small but bold signature.....................................$225.00

30843 - THOMAS T. TUCKER, REVOLUTIONARY WAR SURGEON, SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, As a youth, Thomas studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. After graduating he moved first to Virginia before settling in Charleston, South Carolina and opening a practice. tucker was an early supporter of the cause of American independence. He was first elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1776, and served there in various years until 1788. In 1781, he joined the Continental Army as a hospital surgeon supporting the Southern Department, and served until 1783. South Carolina sent him as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1787 and again in 1778. Tucker was opposed to the United States Constitution, believing that it gave too much authority to the central government. In spite of this, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives and served in the first two congresses from 1789 until 1793. On December 1, 1801, President Jefferson appointed Tucker as Treasurer of the United States. He held that post through four administrations (Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and J.Q. Adams), serving until his death in 1828. During this time, he also served as physician to President Madison (1809-1817). A FREE FRANKED folded letter sheet dated February 4th [1806] as Treasurer of the United States postmarked WASHINGTON CITY stamped FREE, sharp post mark, fine......................................$135.00     another, clipped signature dated 1789......................................................$100.00

30844 - COLONEL RICHARD VARICK, REVOLUTIONARY WAR,  Colonel Richard Varick, 1753 - 1831, Captain of the 1st NY Regiment, Lt. Colonel 1777. He was General Washington's private and military secretary during the latter part of the Revolution and a member of his household, and previous to that had acted in a like capacity for General Philip Schuyler. Later he was appointed inspector-general at West Point, on the staff of Benedict Arnold and cleared of any involvement with the latter's treason, and he held that position until taken into the personal service of Washington and was Washington's confidential secretary until his death. In early life he married Maria Roosevelt, the eldest daughter of Isaac Roosevelt, the president of the Bank of New York and owner of the finest residence on Queen Street. After the war, he became mayor of New York, and was in office during the city's brilliant period as the seat of government, successfully guiding its corporation into the new century. His large ink signature on a partial document dated 1784, uncommon signature this early...matted with engraving....................................................$95.00

30846 - ANTHONY WAYNE, AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERAL, INDIAN FIGHTER ON THE FRONTIER, Letter docketed in his hand, June 19th, 1787 written to Wayne from Charleston, SC, one page folded and hand-carried to Savannah, GA from Thomas Morris regarding an account adjustment regarding the estate of a General Grune with a Mr. Guiraud. At the conclusion of the letter Morris wishes General Wayne well on his trip northward. Wayne dockets the verso of the letter and dated it "19th June 1787, from Mr. Tho. Morris." At the onset of the war in 1775, he and his regiment were part of the Continental Army's unsuccessful invasion of Canada where he was sent to aid Benedict Arnold, during which he commanded a successful rear-guard action at the Battle of Trois-Rivières, and then led the distressed forces at Fort Ticonderoga. His service resulted in a promotion to brigadier general on February 21, 1777. Later, he commanded the Pennsylvania Line at Brandywine, Paoli, and Germantown. After winter quarters at Valley Forge, he led the American attack at the Battle of Monmouth. The highlight of Wayne's Revolutionary War service was probably his victory at Stony Point. In July 1779, Washington named Wayne to command the Corps of Light Infantry, a temporary unit of four regiments of light infantry companies from all the regiments in the Main Army. On July 16, 1779, in a bayonets-only night attack lasting thirty minutes, three columns of light infantry, the main attack personally led by Wayne, stormed British fortifications at Stony Point, a cliffside redoubt commanding the southern Hudson River. On 21 July 1780, Washington sent Wayne with two Pennsylvania brigades and four cannons to destroy a blockhouse at Bulls Ferry opposite New York City. In the Battle of Bull's Ferry, Wayne's troops were unable to capture the position, suffering 64 casualties, while inflicting only 21 on the loyalist defenders. In Virginia, Wayne led lafayette's advance forces in an action at Green Spring, where he led a bayonet charge against the numerically superior British forces after stepping into a trap set by Charles Cornwallis. This increased his popular reputation as a bold commander. After the British surrendered at Yorktown, he went further south and severed the British alliance with Native American tribes in Georgia. He then negotiated peace treaties with both the Creek and the Cherokee, for which Georgia rewarded him with the gift of a large rice plantation. He was promoted to major general on October 10, 1783. After the war, he commanded the frontier army and defeated the Indians at Fort Recovery, built Fort Defiance, and soundly defeated the Indians at Fallen Timbers on August 20th, 1794. Wayne at this time is living on land in Georgia given to him by the state for his military service and was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention that in 1788 ratified the Constitution. A very interesting and inexpensive example of Wayne's handwriting............................................................$150.00

30848 - WILLIAM WILLIAMS, REVOLUTIONARY WAR COLONEL SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, Dated signature January 24th, 1786, Lebanon [CT] along with a reference to a court recording, W. Williams." Williams was a Colonel in the 12th Connecticut, resigned to sit in the Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence. He financed many Connecticut troops during the war. Bold manuscripts and signed by Williams..................................................$495.00

30849 - SIR GEORGE YOUNG, FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, BRITISH NAVAL OFFICER, Royal Navy officer, participated in the destruction of Louisbourg in 1758, later participated in the surrender of Quebec. Later appointed Rear Admiral, was an avid opponent of the slave trade. An autographed letter written at Plymouth, England, 1806 thanking a Lord for sending him an extract of his Majesty's note complementing the service of Admiral Young. 8" X 10", light stains at edge, bold ink....................................................$59.00

31002 - COLONEL CLEMENT BIDDLE, 1775, raised the "Quaker Blues," Colonel of the Penn. Militia. Fought at the Battle of Trenton and General Washington allowed him to receive the swords of the surrendering Hessian Officers. Also fought at the Battle of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. In 1777, General Greene made Biddle his ADC. Suffered the winter at Valley Forge. His signature on a document dated 1814....................................$95.00

31005 - GENERAL DANIEL BROADHEAD, REVOLUTIONARY WAR INDIAN FIGHTER, 8" X 12", pre-printed and filled in that was docketed in 1793 by Daniel Broadhead as Surveyor General of Pennsylvania,  1762 deed of lands in Western Pennsylvania. Some archival repairs by overall very good, paper seal attached. In 1776 as war broke out, Broadhead was commissioned as an officer of the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment of colonial troops with the rank of lieutenant colonel. His first action came at the Battle of Long Island, where he was recognized by George Washington for his bravery and initiative. At the battle, Broadhead's only son, also named Daniel, was wounded and captured. He was soon exchanged, but died of his wounds shortly after being released. Broadhead took over command of the 8th Pennsylvania after the death of its commander, Aeneas Mackay, and was promoted to colonel. Broadhead led his troops during the defense of Philadelphia in 1777 and wintered with the Continental Army at Valley Forge in 1777-78. In April 1778, Broadhead led a successful expedition against the Lenape bands around the Muskingum River in the Ohio Country. In June 1778, Washington sent Broadhead and the 8th Pennsylvania to rebuild and re-garrison the frontier outpost of Fort Muncy, in what is now Northumberland Country, Pennsylvania. Broadhead defended local settlers from British-allied tribes. Broadhead commanded the 8th Pennsylvania in Brig. Gen. Lachlan McIntosh's failed attempt to capture the British stronghold of Fort Detroit. On March 5, 1779, Broadhead replaced McIntosh as commander of the Western Department. His command included frontier forts such as Fort Pitt (present Pittsburgh), Fort McIntosh (Beaver, Pennsylvania), Fort Laurens (near Bolivar, Ohio), Fort Tuscarora (near Lisbon, Ohio), Fort Henry (Virginia) (Wheeling, West Virginia), Fort Armstrong (near Kittanning, Pennsylvania), and Fort Holliday's Cove, along with dozens of lesser outposts. The Wyandot, Mingo, Shawnee, and Lenape allied with the British and regularly raided settlements on the Ohio Country frontier. The British were strong at Fort Detroit and other outposts, and had most of the Iroquois Confederacy as allies. In addition, Broadhead faced a tenuous alliance with Iroquois tribes such as the Oneida, a large population of Tory-sympathizing settlers, and a delicate truce with the powerful Lenape-Delaware tribe. Its friendly chief had signed a treaty with the US as an ally. From his headquarters at Fort Pitt, Broadhead directed numerous raids against hostile native tribes, often leading the expeditions personally. His most famous raid came against the Seneca tribe of the Iroquois Confederacy between August 11 and September 14, 1779. Broadhead left Fort Pitt with a contingent of 605 soldiers and militia to go into northwestern Pennsylvania. He followed the Allegheny River up into New York, where he drove the Seneca out of their villages. As most of the warriors were away fighting the Sullivan Expedition further east in New York, Broadhead met little resistance in destroying the villages, crops and people at the heart of the Seneca nation. In 1781, some of the Lenape-Delaware ended their neutrality and sided with the British. In retaliation, Broadhead mounted the Coshocton Expedition, invading their territory in Central Ohio and destroying the main village of Coshocton in what is now east-central Ohio. As a result of Broadhead's campaign, the Delaware fled from eastern Ohio. They also vowed vengeance. He retained command of the Western Department until September 17, 1781, when he was replaced by General John Gibson. He had turned over command in May 1781, but returned in August and tried to regain control from Gibson, in the process arresting Gibson. However George Washington sent orders which led to Broadhead's permanent removal from command at Fort Pitt. Broadhead was removed from his command over allegations of mishandling supplies and money. Broadhead had made impressments (the forced sale of supplies) a policy. He had spent money intended for bonuses to recruit new militiamen to purchase supplies for his existing troops. Broadhead was acquitted of all charges except misspending the recruiting money. George Washington had been aware of the impressments and had given his tacit approval, as the Continental Army was struggling to keep going. Furthermore, the court martial ruled Broadhead justified in spending the recruiting money on supplies, and he was not punished. A short time later, George Washington brevetted him a brigadier general. Broadhead spent the remainder of the war as commander of the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment. A RARE SIGNATURE.........................................$395.00

31007 - SIRE HENRY BUNBURY, REV. WAR NOTABLE, ARTIST, HORSEMAN, [1750-1811] Colonel of the West Suffolk Militia, had joint control over supplies shipped to the British Army, in charge of the Chelsea Hospital where wounded soldiers were treated during the Revolution, avid horseman and artist. ALS dated June 24th, 1780 by Bunbury authorizing clothing to be given to the Invalid Corps of the British Army. Bunbury became quite an artist in his own right. Very fine.............................................$95.00

31013 - GEORGE CLYMER, SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, Clymer was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in March 1739. Orphaned when only a year old, he was apprenticed to his maternal aunt and uncle, [1] Hannah and William Coleman, to prepare to become a merchant. He was a patriot and leader in the demonstrations in Philadelphia Committee of Safety in 1773, and was elected to the Continental Congress 1776-1780. He served ably on several committees during his first congressional term and was sent to inspect the northern army on behalf of Congress in the fall of 1776. When Congress fled Philadelphia in the face of Sir Henry Clinton's threatened occupation, Clymer stayed behind with George Walton and Robert Morris. Clymer's business ventures during and after war served to increase his wealth. In 1779 and 1780, Clymer and his son Meredith engaged in a lucrative trade with St. Eustatius. He resigned from Congress in 1777, and in 1780 was elected to a seat in the Pennsylvania Legislature. In 1782, he was sent on a tour of the southern states in a vain attempt to get the legislatures to pay up on subscriptions due to the central government. He was reelected to the Pennsylvania legislature in 1784, and represented his state at the Constitutional Convention in 1787. He was elected to the first U.S. Congress in 1789. Clymer shared the responsibility of being treasurer of the Continental Congress with Michael Hillegas, the first Treasurer of the United States. He was the first president of the Philadelphia Bank, and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and vice-president of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society. An ALS by Clymer signing it and writing his name in the body of the petition to the Orphans Court in Philadelphia regarding establishing a guardian of a infant girl Margaret who was a relative of Clymer as he mentions his great aunt Margaret Clymer. Undated but old pencil note on the verso states the date being in 1780. An ALS by Clymer as well as another signature of Clymer in the body of the letter. Paper is crisp, old archival strengthening  on verso, overall fine, a double signed Clymer......................................$675.00

31016 - BRITISH ADMIRAL GEORGE K. ELPINSTONE, 1ST VICOUNT KEITH, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, WAR WITH NAPOLEON, During the war in America he was employed against the privateers, and with a naval brigade at the occupation of Charleston, South Carolina. In January 1781, when in command of the 50-gun HMS Warwick, he captured a Dutch 50-gun ship which had beaten off a British vessel of equal strength a few days before. After peace was signed he remained on shore for ten years, serving in Parliament as member first for Dunbartonshire, and then for Stirlingshire. He was made Baron Keith of the United Kingdom, an Irish barony having been conferred on him in 1797. On the renewal of the war in 1803 he was appointed commander-in-chief in the North Sea, which post he held till 1807. In February 1812, he was appointed commander-in-chief in the English Channel, and in 1814 he was raised to a viscount. During his last two commands he was engaged first in overlooking the measures taken to meet a threatened invasion, and then in directing the movements of the numerous small squadrons and private ships employed on the coasts of Spain and Portugal, and in protecting trade. He was a Plymouth when Napoleon surrendered and was brought to England in HMS Bellerophon by Captain Maitland (1777-1839). The decisions of the British government were expressed through him to the fallen Emperor. Lord Keith refused to be led into disputes, and confined himself to declaring steadily that he had his orders to obey. He was not much impressed by the appearance of his illustrious charge and thought the airs of Napoleon and his suite were ridiculous. His signature from the closing of a letter, "I am your servant Keith".............................................$75.00

31017 - COLONEL NICHOLAS FISH, REVOLUTIONARY WAR OFFICER, YORKTOWN HERO, In 1776, he was appointed by Scott aide-de-camp on his staff. Scott had been commissioned brigadier general. On August 21, 1776, he was appointed major of the 2nd New York Regiment. He served as a division inspector under Steuben in 1778, participated in the battles of Saratoga and Monmouth, in Sullivan's expedition against the Native Americans in 1779, and in the Virginia and Yorktown campaigns, in which he served for a time on the staff of Lafayette. Fish was Colonel Hamilton's second in command at Yorktown. He was one of leaders of the American assault on the redoubts October 14th, 1781. Lafayette gave him possession of the wreath presented at the Yorktown Ceremony on October 19th, 1781. Breveted Lt. Colonel. An ALS by Fish dated at New York July 11th, 1800 and signed by him receiving funds from the Bank of Albany, NY. Very fine...........................................................$145.00

31019 - GENERAL JOSEPH FRYE, FRENCH & INDIAN WAR COLONEL, REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERAL 1776, Born in Andover, Massachusetts, he obtained the rank of general in the Massachusetts militia after serving in King George's War and the French and Indian War. For services during that conflict, the Massachusetts General Court in 1762 granted him a township on the Saco River which had once been the Sololis Abenaki village of Pequawket. In 1777, the plantation was incorporated as Fryeburg, Maine, named in his honor. Frye is best known for the role he played expanding the colonial frontier into lands formerly held by both the French and Abenakis. He is regarded as the successor of John Lovewell, and also an enemy of Molly Ockett, leader and sage among dispossessed Algonquian peoples. Frye served in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, first as a major general of Massachusetts militia. A bold ink clipped signature.....................$45.00

31027 - BRITISH GENERAL WILLIAM HARCOURT, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, CAPTURED CHARLES LEE, He became lieutenant colonel of the 31st Regiment of Foot in 1764, of the 4th Light Dragoons in 1765 and of the 16th Light Dragoons in 1768. He served as Member of Parliament for Oxford from 1768 to 1774. He commanded the 16th Light Dragoons in America, and captured General Charles Lee in 1776 who was considered the most effective American General. He became a major-general in 1782. His signature dated at Windsor Castle 1823, matted with engraving....................................................$79.00

31030 - COLONEL JOHN HATHORN, REVOLUTIONARY WAR, SURVIVOR OF THE MINISINK MASSACRE, He was a captain in the local colonial militia, and became a colonel of the Fourth Orange County (N.Y.) Regiment February 7, 1776, and served throughout the Revolutionary War. He served on the committee appointed to determine an effective location for the Great Chain across the Hudson which prevented the British from advancing up the river, and he wrote the report. He was one of the commanders of the Battle of Minisink. After the war, on September 26, 1786, Hathorn became a brigadier general of the Orange County (N.Y) Regiment February 7, 1776, and served throughout the Revolutionary War. He served on the committee appointed to determine an effective location for the Great Chain across the Hudson which prevented the British from advancing up the river, and himself wrote the report. He was one of the commanders of the Battle of Minisink. After the war, on September 26, 1786, Hathorn became a brigadier general of the Orange County militia, and on October 8, 1793, a major general of state militia. Although British forces were largely concentrated on Manhattan Island. Joseph Brant, a Mohawk war chief and a Captain in the British Army, was sent along with his Brant's Volunteers on a quest for provisions, to gather intelligence on the Delaware in the vicinity of Minisink, and to disrupt the upcoming American Sullivan Campaign. In July 1779, he received word that Kazimierz Pulaski's forces had moved into Pennsylvania, leaving much of the Delaware Valley undefended. Brant led his force of Loyalists and Iroquois raiders through the valley, with the goal of seizing supplies and demoralizing the colonists. The settlers were forced to flee to more populated areas, and Brant pursued them. On July 20, he reached Peenpack, which he attacked immediately. Brant ordered that "they should not kill any women or success and, leaving Fort Decker and the settlement in ruins, Brant and his force continued north along the Delaware River. Later that day, riders from Peenpack reached the village of Goshen, telling of Brant's raid and the destruction of the town. A militia formed immediately, under the reluctant command of Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Tusten. Tusten was strongly opposed to pursuing the raiders, as he knew they would be no match for the British and Iroquois soldiers, and he suggested waiting for reinforcements from the Continental Army. However, the majority of the public and the militia underestimated the fighting ability of the Iroquois and demanded immediate retribution. Outvoted, Tusten agreed to set out the following morning. They met up with elements of the Fourth Orange County Regiment ordered from Warwick by George Washington and led by Colonel John Hathorn. Colonel Hathorn assumed command and marched for the Delaware with a force of about 120 minutemen. In the morning of July 22, the militia moved into position in the hills above the Delaware River, intending to ambush Brant's forces who were crossing at Minisink Ford. Hathorn split them into a group of skirmishers and two units compressing the main force. Before the ambush was set, however, a shot was fired in haste by Bezaleel Tyler, one of the skirmishers. This mistake alerted Brant to the trap, and he quickly outflanked the two groups of colonials, many of whom fled. Separated from the main unit and with his forces scattered, Hathorn was unable to regroup his men for a counterattack. He was forced to retreat, leaving Tusten and the Goshen militia surrounded and outnumbered. After several hours of continuous volleys, insufficient ammunition and close quarters caused the battle to devolve into hand-to-hand combat, at which the Iroquois excelled. At least 48 militiamen were killed, including Tusten himself. 1 rebel [Captain Wood] was captured. Brant's force, on the other hand, is believed to have lost only about seven men. [Brant wrote of his causalities that 3 were killed and of the 10 wounded, 4 were dangerously wounded and possibly could not survive]. Although badly wounded, Hathorn survived, returning to Warwick to write his report of the loss to his superiors. ALS, Hathorn's signature on a October 4th, 1780 legal document, 8" X 13" regarding the sale of the estate of a John Ireland, bold signature just a year after the above battle all in Hathorn's hand. Actually two signatures of Hathorn [one in the body of the document]................$195.00

31039 - RARE 17TH CENTURY PROPERTY SALE IN NEW YORK CITY DATED 1694, 12" X 16" manuscript describing the sale of ground in New York City dated July 23rd, 1694 to a Paul Turk Junior by Taylor and Jacob Turk for the sum of 30 pounds in lawful money of New York located on Cortain Street now called New Street. The deed gives all the boundaries of the property which was slightly irregular in size listing all the owners of property adjoining the property sold. The heading of the document begins in large script "To all Christian People" with the dated 1694 written quite large. Several small red wax seals, some archival repairs to the verso in the seams, thick laid paper. Early New York deeds this early are quite rare, overall very good, bold manuscript...................................................$595.00

11166 - FUNDS ALLOTTED TO FORM A COMPANY IN THE NEW 2ND CONTINENTAL REGIMENT, Hartford, CT, February 13th, 1777. Authorization of 500 pounds to be used for enlisting men in the new regiment commanded by Colonel Charles Webb. 6" X 7", pre-printed and filled in. Signed by Ichabod Hinkley. COLONEL CHARLES WEBB, COMMANDED 2ND CONT. RGT. JANUARY 1777 THROUGH MARCH 1778. The 2nd Connecticut Regiment was authorized in the Continental Army on September 16, 1776. It was organized between 1 January - April 1777 at Danbury, Connecticut of eight companies from the counties of Fairfield, Windham, and Hartford in the state of Connecticut and assigned on 3 April 1777 to the 1st Connecticut Brigade of the Highlands Department. The regiment was re-assigned to McDougall's Brigade on 12 June 1777; then three days later (15 June 1777) it was re-assigned to the 2nd Connecticut Brigade. One month later, 10 July 1777, the regiment was re-assigned to 1st Connecticut Brigade. On 13 November 1777, the regiment was re-assigned to the 2nd Connecticut Brigade of the Main Continental Army. On 1 May 1779, the 2nd Connecticut Brigade was re-assigned to the Highlands department and the regiment was re-organized to nice companies on 11 July 1779. The regiment was re-assigned to the Highland's Department on 27 November 1780. On 1 January 1781, the regiment was merged with 9th Connecticut Regiment, re-organized and re-designated as the 3rd Connecticut Regiment of the 1st Connecticut Brigade. The regiment would see action in the New York Campaign, Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown and the Battle of Monmouth. The regiment was furloughed 15 June 1783 at West Point, New York and disbanded on 15 November 1783. Capt. Ichabod Hinckley was born October 13, 1735 in Willington, and died February 23, 1807. He was captain in the Continental Army, and was very active in the Revolutionary War; served two terms in the General Assembly, and was selectman for fourteen years. He was a man of great natural dignity, of unusual ability, and of highest integrity. He served as first lieutenant, Sixth Company, Third Battalion, Wadsworth's Brigade. This battalion was raised in June, 1776, to reinforce Washington in New York City; served there and on Long Island; was caught in the retreat from the city, September 15, and suffered some loss; also engaged in the battle of White Plains, October 28. His time expired December 25, 1776. In exceptional condition..................................................$295.00

11171 - MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY 1757 COURT CASE, 7" X 8" pre-printed and filled in court document regarding the claim against George Hutchinson by Peter Groves in the amount of 8 pounds for failing to pay a debt. The Sheriff notes on the verso that Hutchinson has posted bail. Paper seal attached, 18th Century pin still attached, PINE TREE EMBLEM embossed stamp at lower left bottom. November 21st, 1751 at Salem, MA. Very bold manuscript and strong PINE TREE SEAL, some small edge fissures, paper firm and crisp........................................................$165.00

9210 - THE COLONY OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY GIVES BLANKETS TO THE WIDOWS OF THE STOCKBRIDGE MOHEGAN INDIANS KILLED BY THE BRITISH IN THE BATTLE OF KINGSBRIDGE, Resolves of the General Assembly of the State of Massachusetts Bay, 8" X 14", 4 pages printed, Boston, County of Suffolk, printed on thick laid paper with a manuscript notation "for the Selectman of Topsfield". A listing of 19 resolutions approved by the General Assembly from January 6th through January 11th, 1779. Including the following: allowing Savannah Dastuge to leave Boston and go to New York by sea or land [Tory leaving Boston], paying Samuel Delano for his wages while in the service of the state in captivity, paying for shirts, shoes, stockings to be given to the Corps of Invalids [wounded], authorization to sell firearms to the Selectman of several towns, Catherine Gliustnmeau is permitted to leave the State and travel to New York to pass to the West Indies and to take with her bed and linen [another Tory leaves Boston], Mary Gliustnmeau now a prisoner of the State by cared for until she is sent to New York [Tory prisoner], numerous resolutions pertaining to clothing State troops in the Continental Army, Francis Jobonot to be released from jail in Boston after he had taken the Oath of Allegiance after he aided American prisoners and renounced his allegiance to the Crown, finally a petition passed January 11th, 1779 delivering to the missionary to the Stockbridge Mohegan Indians blankets to be donated to five widows of that tribe. In July 1778, a group of Stockbridge Indians under Daniel Nimham joined the American army at White Plains, NY. Abraham Nimham, seeking to fight alongside his father, asked that all the Stockbridge Indians from several units be allowed to serve together. In August, the Stockbridge Militia was stationed at an outpost in what is now Yonkers, NY. Their enemy were the Queen's Rangers, an outgrowth of Rogers' Rangers, in which many Stockbridge Indians served during the French and Indian War. The scene of the action was Van Cortlandt Manor, a large estate between Broadway and the Bronx River. Midway between the river and the manor house was Mile Square Road, connecting the Albany Post Road with the hamlet of Mile Square in Westchester County. On August 31, about 40 Indians, including Abraham Nimham, his father Daniel, and 12 other Stockbridge natives, were killed in an ambush by the Rangers in the area that is now Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx. The American forces were outnumbered nearly five to one. During the action, Daniel Nimham wounded a British officer. With enemy troops at the front and rear, the old chief called out to his men to retreat, but then shouted "I am old an can die here." The Indians fled through the fields, where they were chased down. Overwhelmed, they refused to surrender and fought fiercely, leaping onto horses and dragging off the riders. They used their knives and tomahawks because there was no time to reload their muskets. The British soldiers called out for the fugitives to surrender, promising them their lives. Three Indians gave themselves up, but the British killed them. The site of this atrocity is known as Indian Bridge. The British reported a total of 40 Indians and a small number of rebel soldiers killed or wounded, and 10 prisoners taken. Four British soldiers were killed and three wounded. The two Nimhams were dead, as were 12 more young Stockbridge braves from their mission village. After the massacre, Hessian Captain Johann Von Weald described the Indian casualties: "Their costume was a shirt of coarse linen down to the knees, long trousers also a linen down to the feet, on which they wore shoes of deerskin, and the head was covered with a hat made of bast. "Their weapons were a rifle or musket, a quiver with some twenty arrows, and a short battle-axe, which they know how to throw very skillfully. Through the nose and in the ears they wore rings, and on their heads only he hair of the crown remained standing in a circle the size of a dollar-piece, the remainder being shaved off bare. They pull out with pincers all the hairs of the beard, as well as those on all other parts of the body. "This battle, known as the Battle of Kingsbridge, was the last of the war for the Stockbridge Militia because their casualties represented a significant loss to the tribe. The blankets given to the Missionary were donated to Indian widows whose husbands were killed in this battle. Very fine, rare and desirable content................$695.00

PAYMENT FOR SERVING IN THE CONTINENTAL ARMY

9032 - CAPTAIN ODEL CLOSE, 9TH CONNECTICUT, dated June 28th, 1781, manuscript pay voucher for 12 pounds in bills of the State for his service in the Continental Army. 4.5" X 6.5", served in the 9th Regiment of Militia at New York in 1776 as a Lt. in Captain Mead's Company and under General Wooster 1776 - 77 after the Battle of White Plains in October 1776. Countersigned by Samuel Wyllys who served as a Colonel in the 2nd Connecticut Regiment at the siege of Boston and at Bunker Hill under General Spencer in 1775. Very fine................................................$85.00

9035 - CAPTAIN JOHN LEWIS, 5TH CONNECTICUT BATTALION, June 30th, 1781. 4" X 6.5", manuscript paying him 25 pounds in bills from the State for his service in the Connecticut. He served in the 4th Company, 5th Battalion Wadsworth's brigade, under Colonel Douglas in 1776, reinforced Washington in New York, countersigned by Samuel Wyllys. Samuel Wyllys who served as a Colonel in the 2nd Connecticut Regiment at the siege of Boston and at Bunker Hill under General Spencer in 1775. Very fine...........$85.00

9036 - CAPTAIN ROSWELL GRANT, November 16th, 1781. 4" X 4.5", payment in bills of the State for 50 pounds for his service. Grant served in Colonel Johnson's Regiment in 1778, appointed Captain December 30th, 1777, and Colonel Enos' regiment on the Hudson in 1778. Countersigned by Sam Wyllys. Samuel Wyllys who served as a Colonel in the 2nd Connecticut Regiment at the siege of Boston and at Bunker Hill under General Spencer in 1775. Very fine........................................$85.00

9037 - CAPTAIN ROSWELL GRANT, November 16th, 1781. 4" X 4.5", payment in bills of the State for 50 pounds for his service. Grant served in Colonel Johnson's Regiment in 1778, appointed Captain December 30th, 1777 and Colonel Enos' regiment on the Hudson in 1778. Countersigned by Sam Wyllys. Samuel Wyllys who served as a Colonel in the 2nd Connecticut Regiment at the siege of Boston and at Bunker Hill under General Spencer in 1775. Very fine...............................................$85.00

9038 - CAPTAIN OZIAS BISSELL, SERVED IN THE LEXINGTON ALARM, January 14th, 1782. 4" X 5" manuscript payment for Captain Ozias Bissell for 20 pounds in bills of the State for his service to the state in the military, 4th Connecticut 1775. Countersigned by Oliver Wolcott Jr. [Wolcott was a clerk in Connecticut's Officer of the Committee on the Pay Table from 1781 to 1782, and a commissioner on that committee from 1782 - 1784. Wolcott was appointed in 1784 as one of the commissioners to mediate claims betwen the U.S. and the state of Connecticut. After serving as state comptroller of Connecticut from 1788 - 90, he was named auditor of the federal treasury, and became Comptroller of the Treasury in 1792. He was appointed Secretary of the Treasury by George Washington in 1795 to succeed Alexander Hamilton. Very fine...................................$100.00

9039 - CAPTAIN ABNOR ADAMS, SERVED IN THE LEXINGTON ALARM, October 14th, 1781. 5" X 5.5" manuscript voucher for 5 pounds in bills of the State paying him for past service. Served in the Lexington Alarm, prisoner at Fort Washington 1776, 6th Battalion Wadsworth's Brigade. Countersigned by Sam Wyllys. Samuel Wyllys who served as a Colonel in the 2nd Connecticut Regiment at the siege of Boston and at Bunker Hill under General Spencer in 1775. Very fine...............................................$100.00

8035 - PRINTED BY BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, THE PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, January 2, 1749/50. 4 pages, 8.25" X 12.5", attractive masthead, The Pennsylvania Gazette was one of the United States' most prominent newspapers from 1728 - before the time period of the American Revolution - until 1800. Published in Philadelphia from 1728 through 1800. The Pennsylvania Gazette is considered the New York Times of the 18th Century. It was first  published by Samuel Keimer and was the second newspaper to be published in Pennsylvania under the name The Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette, alluding to Keimer's intention to print out a page of Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences in each copy. On October 2, 1729, Benjamin Franklin and Hugh Meredith bought the paper and shortened its name, as well as dropping Keimer's grandiose plan to print out the Cyclopedia. Franklin not only printed the paper but also often contributed pieces under aliases. His newspaper soon became the most successful in the colonies. This newspaper, among other firsts, would print the first political cartoon in America, Join, or Die, authored by Franklin himself. The Pennsylvania Gazette ceased publication in 1800, ten years after Franklin's death. Ad for a Negro runaway named Dick, news from London and Europe, ship arrivals describing travels across the sea, letter from the Cape Sable Indians to Governor Cornwallis, tale of a terrible voyage from Boston to Philadelphia. Printed at Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin. His imprint is at the bottom of page four - PHILADELPHIA: PRINTED BY B. FRANKLIN, POST-MASTER AND D. HALL AT THE NEW - PRINTING OFFICE NEAR THE MARKET. The paper is crisp, light stains in some areas which do not detract, was removed from a bound volume and archaically strengthened at the spine. Extremely rare..........................................................................$1,295.00

Louis Phélypeaux (1643 - 1727), marquis de Phélypeaux (1667), comte de Maurepas (1687), comte de Pontchartrain (1699), known as the chancellor de Pontchartrain, was a French politician. After serving as head of the Parliament of Brittany, he held office as Controller - General of Finances and as Navy Secretary and, from 1690, Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi.Long considered a failure, his reputation has been reevaluated by recent historiography which has shown that, in a period of difficulty, he was a capable administrator of an immense department which had responsibility for the French Navy, trade, colonies, matters of religion, Paris, the royal household and for finances. He conducted a census of the population from 1693 onwards, the first since Vauban's of 1678. At court, he was an opponent of Fénelon and the Quietists. Nonetheless, his handling of the French Navy, a powerful force under Colbert and Seignelay, is criticized and he is considered to be in part responsible for the defeat at the battles of Barfleur and La Hougue in 1692. Phélypeaux served as Chancellor of France from 5 September 1699 to 1 July 1714. Historian Francois Bluche wrote that "he gave the Chancellor's office an importance and authority not see since the early years of Pierre Séguieer." Saint - Simon painted a flattering portrait of Phélypeaux in his diaries, and his discretion was appreciated by Louis XIV. He was made clerk of the prestigious Order of the Holy Spirit in May 1700. In 1668, he married Marie de Maupeou. They had one son, Jérôme Phélypeaux (1674 - 1747), comte de Pntchartrain. He resigned in 1714 for having failed to affix the seals to the decree of 5 July 1714, condemning a document by the Bishop of Metz, Henri-Charles de Coilsin, as contrary to the papal bull Unigenitus. He had found it difficult to reconcile his religious beliefs with those of the increasingly authoritarian Louis XIV. He retired to an Oratorian institution where he died in 1727. Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana was named after him as was Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit in Michigan (the site of modern-day Detroit). In addition, Isle Philippaux and Isle Pontchartrain which appear on early maps of Lake Superior are believed to have been named after him. Neither island, it was later determined, actually existed. They are thought to have been added to maps by French explorers hoping that Phélypeaux would be inspired to provide more funds to explore the area. 

Louis Alexandre de Bourbon was the third son and youngest child of Louis XIV and of his mistress, Madame de Montespan. At birth, he was put in the care of Mme de Monchevreuil along with his older sister Françoise-Marie de Bourbon.

Louis Alexandre was created Count of Toulouse in 1681 at the time of his legitimization, and in 1863, at the age of five, Grand Admiral de France. In February 1684, he became colonel of an infantry regiment named after him and in 1693 mestre de camp of a cavalry regiment. During the War of Spanish Succession, he was given the task of defending the island of Sicily. In January 1689, he was named governor of Guyana, a title which he exchanged for that of governor of Brittany six years later. On 3 January 1696, he was created a Marshal of France, becoming commander of the Royal Armies the following year. During the War of the Spanish Succession he commanded the French fleet at the Battle of Málaga in 1704. In March 1714, he obtained the title of Grand Huntsman of France (Grand Veneur). Fort Toulouse I & II on the Coosa Named in honer of Admiral Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, the Count of Toulouse who was the dominant member of the Council of Marine which performed the function of secretary or minister of the navy and of colonies from 1715 to 1718. He was the legitimized son of King Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. Toulouse was one of the known provinces in southern France. The site of Fort Toulouse, established by the French in 1717, was near the junction of the Coosa River and the Tallapoosa about 4 miles south of Wetumpka, Alabama and 10 miles north of Montgomery, Alabama. In 1751, the site of the Fort was moved about 100 south of the original Fort Toulouse I. This site is known as Fort Toulouse II and it was designed by Francois Saucier in 1750. Fort Toulouse II was occupied by the French until 1763 when the territory east of the Mississippi River went to England. The soldiers and settlers from Fort Toulouse went to Mobile and then to Louisiana [most ended up in the Opelousas Post].

5056 - A SERMON ON THE DEATH OF JOHN HANCOCK, 30 page imprint, octavo sized, given by Dr. Peter Thatcher DD Pastor of the church in Battle Street, printed by Alexander Young [1793], Boston. A tribute to the life of John Hancock, American Patriot and ex-Governor of Massachusetts. An excellent tribute to the value of John Hancock's leadership and faith in God during his life as an American leader. The paper is crisp and clean, only a trifle corner off on one page unaffecting any text..................................................$225.00

41400 - CAPTAIN GILES SAGE, CONNECTICUT NAVY, CAPTAIN OF THE LUCY, CAPTURED THE MARS WHICH BECAME THE GUILFORD OF THE CONNECTICUT NAVY, A payment voucher to Giles Sage [Sadge] of 100 pounds 12 shillings for transporting flour for the Continental Army dated March 2nd, 1776, 3.5" X 6.5". Manuscript order given to Captain Jeremiah Wadsworth and authorized by Pettibone & Hillyer, Sage was from Middletown, CT and was a sea captain and captained the Privateer sloop LUCY. Giles signs his name as receiving the money on the verso. In March 1776, the Continental Army had laid siege to Boston under General John Thomas. This flour undoubtedly was intended for that portion of the Continental Army under Thomas near Boston. On Feb. 6, 1779, the Mars was bound for New York from Newport. A letter from the National Maritime Museum in London states: The only Mars registered in the British Navy in 1779 was a 74 gun battleship that had been reduced to harbor service the previous year. The sloop Mars was probably a privateer that had been captured by the British. Armament on the Mars consisted of 8 carriage guns and 2 swivels. The carriage guns were placed along the sides of the ship and were fired through opening ports. The swivels were mounted bow and stern. On Feb. 21, 1779, during a winter storm, Captain Sage and his six fellow prisoners overpowered the crew of the Mars and beached her on the rocks at Guilford. Since a welcoming party on the shore includes one Solomon Leete, it is presumed that the Mars was beached near Leete's Island. Prior to the grounding, Sage's men hove overboard anchors, cables, chains and guns marking the spot for future reference. Iron was in short supply at the time, the only source being the Salisbury Conn. iron works, with most of its output going to cannon balls. All of the claims and counterclaims of salvage were settled in the New Haven Maritime Court on April 4, 1779. The state paid 500 pounds prize money to the claimants. Captain Sage was paid for his person property lost when the Lucy was captured, including one tierce of rum, one barrel of sugar, and one barrel of coffee. The anchors, chains and guns were dredged up and the claimants paid. Governor Trumbull in Lebanon was advised of these proceedings. He issued orders renaming the Mars, the Guilford and making her the thirteenth ship in the Connecticut Navy, whose largest ships were the Oliver Cromwell and Defense. No other ships were named after Connecticut towns. The document is boldly written, some tone, tiny fissure at fold unaffecting manuscript. Scare Revolutionary War Naval item...............................$495.00

41401 - AUGUST 13TH, 1781, MILITARY DEBT PAID BY THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT SIGNED BY ADC HEZEKIAH ROGERS, 5" x 6.5", manuscript payment in 5 Pounds in lawful silver to be paid out of funds derived by taxes by the state. This note was issued to RALPH POMEROY, who served as a Military Paymaster, for wages, reimbursement for expenses or loss due to damages during the Revolutionary War. The military finances for the colony of Connecticut were handled by the Pay-Table, also known as the Committee of Four, during the American Revolution (1775 - 1783). Signed by Hezekiah Rogers (an aide de camp to General Jedidiah Huntingdon). Fine, some normal handling trifle splits at left border which do not hinder the manuscript..................................................................$85.00

41402 - DECEMBER 31ST, 1781, THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT PAYS A DEBT TO THE GLASTONBURY SELECTMEN FOR EXPENSES INCURRED FOR WAR EXPENSES, 5" X 4.5" pre-printed and filled in, signed by two the members of the Connecticut pay table E. Wales and Fenn Wadsworth, countersigned vertically by Samuel Wyllys. During the American Revolution, SAMUEL WYLLYS (1739 - 1823) led a regiment in the siege of Boston. Fort Wyllys was named after him. Endorsed by Dudley Pettibone on the verso [1742 - 1822] who was a Sergeant in the Connecticut Line under Sergeant Goodwin [his company]. Fine........................................................$75.00

41403 - DECEMBER 31ST, 1781, THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT PAYS A DEBT TO THE GLASTONBURY SELECTMEN FOR EXPENSES INCURRED FOR WAR EXPENSES, 5" X 4.5" pre-printed and filled in, signed by two the members of the Connecticut pay table E. Wales and Fenn Wadsworth, countersigned vertically by Hezekiah Rogers (an aide de camp to General Jedidiah Huntington). The amount paid was seven pounds and Gideon Hall signed it on the verso. Very fine.........................................$60.00

41404 - MONEY TO BE PAID AT "CANDLEMAS 1787", 2" X 7" manuscript, "John Parker Wood" value 6 pounds 12 shillings, James Raby Wood value 429 pounds seven shillings to be levied at "Candlemas". The date of Candlemas is established by the date set for the Nativity of Jesus, for it comes forty days afterwards. Under Mosaic law as found in the Torah, a mother who had given birth to a man-child was considered unclean for seven days; moreover she was to remain for three and thirty days "in the blood of her purification". Candlemas therefore corresponds to the day on which Mary, according to Jewish law, should have attended a ceremony of ritual purification (Leviticus 12:2-8). The Gospel of Luke 2:22-39 relates that Mary was purified according to the religious law, followed by Jesus' presentation in the Jerusalem temple, and this explains the formal names given to the festival, as well as its falling 40 days after the Nativity. This was used by both Anglicans and Catholics alike celebrating this holy feast day. It is seldom heard today. Very fine.........................................................$50.00

2231 - 1723 PHILADELPHIA LAND DEED SIGNED BY THE MAYOR OF PHILADELPHIA, 7" X 21 1/2", vellum land deed, scalloped top design. Clement Plumstead of the City of Philadelphia in the "Province of Pennsylvania" to David Powell for the sum of 10 shillings. A tract of land on the northern branch of Brandywine Creek...usual land descriptions of the time..."beginning at a black oak tree." SIGNED BY PLUMSTEAD AT THE BOTTOM LEFT. Clement Plumstead was a councilman in 1712 and was chosen mayor in 1723. He was a member of the Provincial Assembly and was admitted to the Governor's Council in 1727. In 1736, he was again mayor of Philadelphia and again in 1741. The document contains Plumstead's red wax seal next to his signature. A contemporary of Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia. Plumstead was considered as one of the wealthiest citizens of the area. A rare and early Philadelphia document that would frame nicely............................................................$295.00

1050 - JEDEDIAH HUNTINGTON REVOLUTIONARY WAR BRIG. GENERAL, (4 August 1743 - 25 September 1818), also known as Jedidiah Huntington, was an American general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, the son of Jabez Huntington (1719 - 1786). As the Revolutionary War approached, Jedidiah Huntington joined the Sons of Liberty, and was an active Captain of the Militia. Promoted to the command of a regiment, he joined the army at Cambridge, April 26, 1775, just a week after the battle of Lexington. His regiment was part of the force detailed for occupying Dorchester Heights; and, after the evacuation of Boston by the British, marched with the army to New York. He "fought courageously during the Battle of Bunker Hill, from which he emerged a Colonel." 

He entertained the Commander in Chief, General George Washington, on the way, at Norwich, Connecticut. During the year 1776, he was at New York, Kingsbridge, Northcastle, Sidmun's Bridge, and other posts. In April 1776, he helped repulse the British at Danbury, Conn., assailing the enemy's rear, and affecting a junction with his fellow townsman, Benedict Arnold. In March 1777, Roger Sherman wrote that Col. Huntington was recommended by Gen. Washington as a fit person for Brigadier General, but that Connecticut had more than her share. On May 12, 1777, he was promoted to that rank, as Mr. Sherman stated, "at Gen. Washington's request." In July, he joined Gen. Putnam at Peekskill, with all the Continental troops which he could collect; whence, in September, he was ordered to join the main army near Philadelphia, he remained at headquarters, at Worcester, Whippin, White Marsh, Gulph Hills, etc. In November, on the information of the enemy's movement upon Red Bank, he was detached with his brigade, among other troops, to its relief, but Cornwallis had anticipated them.

Having shared the hardships of his companions in arms at Valley Forge, through the winter of 1777 - 1778, he, together with Col. Wigglesworth, was, in March, appointed by the Command in Chief, "to aid Gen. McDougall in inquiring into the loss of forts Montgomery and Clinton, in the State of New York; and into the conduct of the principal officers commanding those posts." In May, Huntington was ordered with his brigade to the North River, and was stationed successively at Camp Reading, Highlands, Neilson's Point, Springfield, Shorthills, Totowa, Peekskill, West Point, etc. In July, he was a member of the court martial which tried Gen. Charles Lee for misconduct in the battle of Monmouth; and in September, he sat upon the court of inquiry to who was referred the case of Major Andre. In December of 1780, his was the only Connecticut Brigade that remained in the service. On May 10, 1783, at a meeting of officers, he was appointed one of a committee of four to draft a plan of organization, which resulted in their reporting, on the 13th, the Constitution of the Society of the Cincinnati. His signature on a 1789 Connecticut financial document regarding Army payments. 8" X 11", mint condition................................$79.00 

KILLED AT YORKTOWN

1051 - GENERAL ALEXANDER SCAMMEL, Scammel was born in the part of Mendon, Massachusetts which eventually became Milford, Massachusetts, and as a young man, graduated from Harvard College in 1769. After graduation, he worked as a teacher, surveyor, and in 1773, as a lawyer with John Sullivan in New Hampshire and was with him during the raid on Fort William and Mary on December 14, 1774. With the start of the American Revolution, Scammel became a major in the 2nd New Hampshire Regiment as was sent with them to reinforce the Continental Army units in the Invasion of Canada. In November, 1776, Scammel was promoted to colonel of the 3rd New Hampshire Regiment. He commanded the regiment at Trenton, Princeton, Saratoga, the Sullivan Expedition and Monmouth. At Valley Forge, Scammel was appointed adjutant general of the Continental Army by Gen. George Washington. He was assigned command of a provisional regiment of light infantry on June 24, 1781, and seized Dobbs Ferry, New York, to secure Washington's flank for the march to Yorktown, Virginia, of which his regiment was the vanguard beginning August 19. Scammel was wounded on September 30, 1781, during the Siege of Yorktown, while reconnoitering British lines. As Field Officer-of-the-Day, he had been informed that part of the British works had been evacuated. His scouting party encountered a section of British light dragoons. Scammel had just surrendered to two dragoons when a third, in probability by accident, shot him in the side. He was taken into Yorktown, but because of the gravity of his wound immediately paroled to Williamsburg, only to die the next day. After Scammel's death, Alexander Hamilton had difficulty keeping his officers from killing British officers in retaliating for Scammel's death which they believed was not accidental. A rare manuscript listing of the strength of the Massachusetts regiments listing the regiments by commander and the added recruits added to the units. Signed by Scammel as Adj. General of the Continental Army under Washington. A rare signature as well as a Great War period troop strength document. Letters by Scammel have brought over $2500. This nice document at................................................................SOLD

12161 - PLAN OF THE INVESTMENT AND ATTACK OF YORK IN VIRGINIA, PHILADELPHIA, 1806 C.P. Wayne ENGRAVING. First Edition Map to Marshall's Life of WASHINGTON. Map showing vicinity around York, VA. Shows American artillery, French Hospital, roads, rivers, or creeks & positions of troops. Also noted "Field where the British laid down their arms." 9.3" H X 8.4" W. This historic map shows the positions of the American and French battlements in their siege of the British forces at Yorktown. The successful outcome of the Yorktown campaign, led by Gen. Washington and French Gen. Rochambeau, marked the end of the Revolutionary War, thus winning independence for the 13 colonies. It also established Yorktown's place in history as the site of Gen. Cornwallis' surrender of his troops to the Allied forces. Notice the Allied forces deployed in a semi-circle about 6 miles long. Notice also the encampments of Gen. Washington, Gen. Knox, Baron Stuben (Steuben), Count Rochambeau and Gen. LaFayette. Map has some offset from the folding of the map, otherwise very good, accompanying the map is a musket ball excavated near Yorktown............................$250.00

LAST FRENCH GOVERNOR OF LOUISIANA, SIGNED THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE FOR NAPOLEON

6140 Pierre Clement de Laussat (1756-1835) was a French politician, and the last French governor of Louisiana. Signer of the Louisiana purchase for Napoleon

De Laussat was born in the town of Pau. After serving as receveur general des finances in Pau and Bayonne, he was imprisoned during the Terror, but was released and recruited in the armee des Pyrenees. On April 17, 1797 was elected in the Council of Ancients. After the coup of 18 Brumaire, he entered in the Tribunat on December 25, 1799. He was appointed by Napoleon Bonaparte to be colonial prefect (governor) of Louisiana in 1802. He arrived in the colony on March 26, 1803. This was just two weeks before Napoleon had made his decision to sell the Louisiana colony to the United States. For several months, Laussat ruled as a normal governor and first he abolished the Cabildo and then he published the Napoleonic Code in the colony. Several months had gone by and Laussat was hearing that the colony had been sold to the U.S. but he did not believe it. On July 28, 1803, Laussat wrote to the French government that a rumor that the colony had been sold was going around New Orleans. On May 18, 1803, Laussat received word from Napoleon that France had declared war on England and that he was to transfer the colony to the United States. On December 20, 1803, he transferred the colony to James Wilkinson and William Charles Cole Claiborne. On April 21. 1804, he left the colony and became colonial prefect of Martinique, until 1809 when he was captured and imprisoned before the English conquest of the island.

51330 - THE COLONIES IN AMERICA, Map, overall 8" X 8". Undated but content dictates the period of the Revolutionary War but style could be c. 1730-50. A Dutch map titled "America" showing mainly North and South America with the west coast of Africa and Europe slightly. The shape of Florida and the elongated California suggests this map has the style of the early 18th Century. The American west is entitled New Mexico with Louisiana and Florida joined together suggesting the Spanish period after 1768. Virginia and the Carolinas stretch to the west to near the Mississippi River. Border colored in red and green ink, some foxing at top left edge. A nice representative American map of the 18th Century..........................$85.00

6103 - FINAL PAY FOR A SOLDIER IN THE CONNECTICUT LINE, Two documents, a manuscript affidavit dated September 12th, 1780, 2" X 7" detailing the service history of Sergt. Benjamin Giddings who served as a Sergeant from the 26th day of May 1777 until the 26th day of May 1780 in the second brigade of the Connecticut line and the 7th Battalion of troops commanded by Herman Swift. He had not received any supplies from the town of Hartford. Accompanying the document is a 6" X 7" preprinted document filled-in and dated September 13th, 1780 paying Giddings 54 pounds, 19 shillings, and two pence. Giddings signs for receiving this rather large sum but it were for three years service in the Continental Army, two pieces. Very fine, final pay for a Continental soldier....................................$175.00

6104 - REVOLUTIONARY WAR, EXPENSES FOR BRINGING MILITARY SUPPLIES TO FISHKILL, NY FROM MIDDLETOWN, CT, Middletown, CT, April 19th, 1781, 8" X 10" manuscript listing got sending men and two teams to Fishkill [NY] from Middletown, CT. The supplies were commissary supplies for the army at that location. Signed by Ozian Cone who had previously fought at Monmouth and Germantown and wintered at Valley Forge and at the huts at Morristown. Comes with a copy of the roster of the 5th Rgt. Conn. line showing Cone as a member of the unit. Shows the lodging and expenses of teamsters. Fine.....................................................$150.00

1300 - PAYMENT FOR SERVING IN THE CONTINENTAL ARMY, 4.5" X 6", June 1st, 1780, Hartford, CT. Pre-printed document stating that Lt. Philemon Hall was owed 40 pounds, 12 shillings, seven pence for his service in the Connecticut Line of the Continental Army. This debt was paid to him by June 1st, 1785 with interest to be paid annually. Cancelled after being paid with numerous manuscript notations on the verso. Very fine.....................................$100.00

1301 - PAYMENT FOR SERVING IN THE CONTINENTAL ARMY, 4.5" X 6", June 1st, 1782, Hartford, CT. Major John P. Wyllys was owed 33 pounds, 1 shilling, three pence for his service in the Connecticut Line of the Continental Army. Payment was to be made by June 1st, 1788 with interest paid annually. Cancelled when paid as usual. Manuscript notations on the verso...................................$100.00

1302 - PAYMENT FOR SERVICE IN THE CONTINENTAL ARMY, 4.5" X 6, June 1st, 1782, Hartford, CT. Pre-printed Treasury document for Brewster Judd who was owed 21 pounds, eleven shillings, three pence for his past service in the Connecticut Line of the Continental Army. The debt was to be paid by June 1, 1787 with interest due annually. Signed by Treasurer Peter Colt, thought to be an ancestor of Samuel Colt. Absolutely MINT condition and un-cancelled which is rare to find as such..............................$175.00

82711 - CLOTHING FOR THE CONTINENTAL ARTILLERY, May 8th, 1780, Middletown, CT. 6" X 7", manuscript listing of clothing signed by John Throop, Lt. of Artillery, Colonel Lamb's Rgt. Notes coats, vests, linens, woolen breeches, all totaling 19 pounds. This artillery unit fought in nearly all the engagement in the North and at Yorktown. Very fine.....................................$215.00

61228 - WRITTEN IN THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII, 1509 - 1547, 12" X 12.5" manuscript document with scalloped top, written on vellum in early English script, indenture or agreement to sell property written the 8th day of February in the 26th (XX6th) year of the reign of Henry the Eight (1535) refers to Norfolk and old Buckingham. A beautiful document to frame written during the period of the first exploration of the Americas. Condition is very fine, comes with his portrait..........................................$450.00

61229 - WRITTEN IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH, 1558 - 1603, 7" X 16" vellum document written in old English script. Dated September 5th year one of the reign of Elizabeth thus the date written was September 6th, 1558. An indenture or legal obligation written between two parties. Hanging from this impressive document is a 1" square embossed red wax seal. During the reign of Elizabeth preliminary explorations of the Eastern coasts of America took place including Raleigh's attempts to colonize Roanoke Island. Impressive to display with ELIZABETH's name quite bold. Very fine, comes with a portrait of Elizabeth.............................................$385.00

61230 - WRITTEN IN THE FIFTH YEAR OF THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH, 1558 - 1603, Manuscript indenture written in the 5th year of the reign of Elizabeth (1563) and dated January 6th. 9" x 19" with scalloped top, rather large name of Elizabeth on the top line, written in old English script, beautiful manuscript on vellum. Comes with a silver 6 Pence dated 1573 showing a portrait of Elizabeth (weak), date is strong............................$425.00

61231 - CHARLES I, 19 November 1600 - 30 January 1649, the second son of James I, was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March, 1625 until his execution on 30 January, 1649. Charles famously engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England. He was an advocate of the Divine Right of Kings, which was the belief that kings received their power from God and thus could not be deposed (unlike the similar Mandate of Heaven). Many of his English subjects feared that he was attempting to gain absolute power. He was tried for Treason after the Second Civil War and executed. During his reign, the English Colonies in America greatly grew and spread. This vellum Indenture was written in the first month of Charles I's reign in April 1625. It has a beautiful scalloped top with a red wax seal with a thistle signifying the House of Stuart. 14" X 23". With an early numeral date (previous rulers showed the dates phonically written into the text). Superb to display......................................$275.00

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